류프로라이드

호르몬 작용제 / GnRH 유사체

**류프로라이드(Leuprolide)**는 성선자극호르몬 방출호르몬(GnRH)의 합성 9펩타이드 유사체입니다. 수의학에서는 주로 **페럿의 부신 관련 내분비병증**의 내과적 치료와 **사육 조류의 부적절한 산란 또는 번식 장애**를 억제하는 데 사용됩니다. 주요 임상 포인트: * **페럿 부신 질환**: 개와 달리 페럿의 부신 질환은 코르티솔이 아닌 과도한 성호르몬(안드로겐/에스트로겐)에 의해 발생합니다. 류프로라이드는 이러한 임상 증상(예: 탈모, 외음부 부종, 소양증)을 유발하는 호르몬 축을 효과적으로 억제합니다. * **제형**: 1, 3 또는 4개월 동안 지속적으로 방출되는 장기 지속형 **데포 주사제**(미립구)로 가장 흔하게 투여됩니다. * **비용**: 이 약물은 매우 비싸지만, 조제 약국에서 특수 동물을 위해 인체용 바이알을 더 저렴한 소량으로 나누어 제공하는 경우가 많습니다. * **안전성**: 기형 유발성이 매우 높으며 임신 중에는 절대 금기입니다.

작용 기전: Leuprolide acts as a **luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH/GnRH) agonist**. * **Initial Phase (Flare)**: Upon initial administration, it stimulates the pituitary gland, causing a transient surge in **luteinizing hormone (LH)** and **follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)**. * **Downregulation Phase**: Continuous exposure via depot formulation causes profound downregulation and desensitization of **GnRH receptors** in the anterior pituitary. * **Suppression**: This negative feedback → halts the release of **LH** and **FSH** → drastically decreases serum levels of gonadal steroids (**estrogen** and **androgens**), thereby resolving hormonally driven clinical signs.

동물 종별 용량

Ferrets

Adrenal associated endocrinopathy (30-day formulation) · 100 micrograms/kg (females) or 200 micrograms/kg (males) · IM · q30d · Lifelong/Ongoing · Proven effective for management of the disease.
Adrenal associated endocrinopathy (3-month formulation) · 1 mg (total dose) · IM · every 60-75 days · Lifelong/Ongoing · Length of control in intact ferrets in Spring; may be useful for annual Dec/Feb suppression.
Adrenal associated endocrinopathy (4-month formulation) · 2 mg (total dose) · IM · every 70-80 days · Lifelong/Ongoing · Anecdotal time before signs reappear; may be useful for annual Dec/Feb suppression.
Adrenal associated endocrinopathy (30-day formulation, weight-based) · <1 kg: 100 micrograms; >1 kg: 200 micrograms · IM · q30d · Lifelong/Ongoing · Generally diluted from original concentration to negate muscle necrosis. Diluted form appears active after freezing for a year (though manufacturer advises against freezing).
Adrenal associated endocrinopathy (1-month depot form) · 100-250 micrograms/kg · IM · every 4 weeks until signs resolve, then every 4-8 weeks as needed · Lifelong · Larger ferrets may require the higher dosage range.

Birds

Inappropriate egg laying in Cockatiels (if management changes fail) · 800 micrograms/kg IM every 2 weeks for 3 injections · IM · q14d · 3 injections · Often effective at reducing reproduction at least in the short-term.
Inhibit egg laying in pet birds · 100 micrograms/kg per day. Multiply dose by number of days for effect and give once monthly (e.g., 100 mcg/kg x 28 days = 2800 mcg/kg dose) · IM · q30d · Monthly

투여 경로

금기

Pregnancy (FDA Category X - major fetal abnormalities may result)
Nursing/lactating animals (use with extreme caution, excretion in milk is unknown)

이상반응

Pain or irritation at the injection site
Dyspnea (reported in ferrets)
Lethargy (reported in ferrets)
Tachyphylaxis (higher dosages required over time to obtain the same effect in ferrets)
Transient worsening of clinical signs (flare effect) shortly after initial administration

모니터링

Ferrets: Resolution of clinical signs (decreased vulvar swelling, reduced pruritus, cessation of undesirable sexual behaviors/aggression, and increased hair regrowth)
Birds: Decreased egg-laying behavior and physical reproductive activity
Injection site for signs of pain, irritation, or necrosis

과용량

Because of its high expense and the method of dosing (usually administered by the veterinarian in-clinic), an acute overdose is highly unlikely. Studies in laboratory animals at massive dosages of up to 5 grams/kg IM produced no untoward effects, suggesting a wide margin of safety for acute exposure.

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