린코마이신
Lincomycin
Lincomycin hydrochloride
다른 이름: Lincocin · Lincomix · LincoMed · Linco-Ped · Lincono · Macrolin · Lincoject · U-10149 · NSC-70731 · Anbycin · Frademicina · Fredcina · Lincomicina · Lincomycine · Lincomycinum
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
동물 종별 용량
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
개
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skin and soft tissue infections | 15.4 mg/kg PO q8h or 22 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q8h or q12h | Superficial pyoderma 21-42 days; deep, resistant pyoderma 56 days | 🌎 NA |
| Systemic infections | 22 mg/kg IM, SC, or IV (must be diluted and given as a slow drip infusion) q24h or 11 mg/kg IM or SC q12h | IM, SC, IV | q24h or q12h | 12 days or less | 🌎 NA |
| Bacteremia, sepsis | 11-22 mg/kg IV q8h | IV | q8h | 12 days or less | 🌎 NA |
| Pyoderma | 40-50 mg/kg/day PO divided into two or three doses per day | PO | Divided into two or three doses per day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Superficial pyodermas | 20 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Pyoderma | 22 mg/kg PO twice daily | PO | Twice daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 22 mg/kg | IM | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 11 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 11-22 mg/kg | IV | q12-24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 22 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 15 mg/kg | PO | q8h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Systemic infections: IV must be diluted and given as a slow drip infusion
- Pyoderma: Good for first time pyodermas
- Susceptible bacterial infections: Must be administered slowly
고양이
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skin and soft tissue infections | 11 mg/kg IM q12h or 22 mg/kg IM q24h | IM | q12h or q24h | 12 days or less | 🌎 NA |
| Systemic infections | 15 mg/kg PO q8h or 22 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q8h or q12h | 12 days or less | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 22 mg/kg | IM | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 11 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 11-22 mg/kg | IV | q12-24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 22 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 15 mg/kg | PO | q8h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible bacterial infections: Must be administered slowly
페렛
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 10-15 mg/kg PO three times daily; 10 mg/kg IM twice daily | PO, IM | Three times daily (PO) or twice daily (IM) | — | 🌎 NA |
돼지
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mycoplasmal (M. hyopneumoniae) pneumonia | Fed at 200 grams per ton of feed for 21 days or 11 mg/kg IM once daily | PO, IM | Continuous in feed or once daily IM | 21 days (feed) | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections | 11 mg/kg IM once daily for 3-7 days; or added to drinking water at a rate of 250 mg/gallon (average of 8.36 mg/kg/day) | IM, PO | Once daily (IM) or continuous in water | 3-7 days (IM) | 🌎 NA |
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
린코마이신(Lincomycin)은 클린다마이신과 밀접한 관련이 있는 좁은~중간 스펙트럼의 린코사마이드계 항생제입니다. 수의학에서는 주로 감수성이 있는 그람 양성 호기성 구균(포도상구균 및 연쇄상구균 등), 다양한 혐기성 세균 및 마이코플라스마에 의한 감염을 치료하는 데 사용됩니다.
주요 약리학적 특징은 다음과 같습니다:
- 항균 스펙트럼: 많은 혐기성 세균, 그람 양성 호기성 세균 및 톡소플라스마에 효과적입니다. 일반적으로 그람 음성 호기성 세균 및 장구균(Enterococcus faecalis)에는 효과가 없습니다.
- 임상적 유용성: 개, 고양이, 돼지에서의 사용이 FDA 승인을 받았으나, 소동물에서는 경구 생체이용률이 더 좋고 내재적 활성이 높으며 독성이 낮은 클린다마이신으로 대체되는 추세입니다.
- 독성 특징: 후장 발효 동물 및 반추동물(예: 말, 토끼, 설치류)에는 심각하고 치명적인 클로스트리듐성 장염을 유발할 위험이 있으므로 절대 금기입니다.
임상 팁: 린코마이신은 시간 의존성 항생제입니다. 투여 간격 동안 약물 농도를 최소억제농도(MIC) 이상으로 유지하는 것이 임상적 성공에 매우 중요합니다.
작용 기전
Lincomycin exerts its antibacterial effects by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria.
Mechanism Pathway: Drug enters bacterial cell → Binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit → Blocks the transpeptidation and translocation steps → Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.
Depending on the concentration of the drug at the infection site and the specific susceptibility of the targeted organism, lincomycin can be either bacteriostatic or bactericidal.
Note: Complete cross-resistance occurs between lincomycin and clindamycin, and partial cross-resistance occurs with macrolides like erythromycin due to overlapping ribosomal binding sites.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Rabbits
- Hamsters
- Guinea pigs
- Horses
- Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)
- Patients with known hypersensitivity to lincosamides
- Patients with preexisting monilial (yeast) infections
- Neonatal animals (relative contraindication due to gut flora effects)
- Rapid intravenous administration
- Use with caution in patients with severe liver disease
부작용
- Gastroenteritis (emesis, loose stools, bloody diarrhea in dogs)
- Pain and inflammation at IM injection sites
- Hypotension and cardiopulmonary arrest (if administered rapidly IV)
- Gastrointestinal disturbances in swine
- Diarrhea in nursing neonates (drug distributes into milk)
- Diarrhoea (potentially haemorrhagic)
- Colitis
- Hepatotoxicity (in patients with pre-existing liver disease)
- Cardiac depression (if given rapidly IV)
- Peripheral neuromuscular blockade (if given rapidly IV)
주의
Use with caution in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction; consider reducing the dosage in severe cases as half-lives can be significantly prolonged.
Intravenous Administration: Must be diluted and given as a slow drip infusion to prevent severe hypotension and cardiopulmonary arrest.
Species Warnings: Never administer to horses, ruminants, or small herbivores (rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters) as it can cause fatal dysbiosis and enterocolitis.
약물 상호작용
Lincomycin may reduce systemic levels of cyclosporine.
In vitro antagonism occurs due to competing ribosomal binding sites; concomitant use should be avoided.
Reduces the absorption of oral lincomycin by up to 90%. If both are necessary, separate doses by at least 2 hours.
Lincomycin possesses intrinsic neuromuscular blocking activity and may enhance the effects of these agents; use cautiously.
Enhanced neuromuscular blockade action
Antagonistic antimicrobial action (competes for 50S ribosomal binding site)
Antagonistic antimicrobial action (competes for 50S ribosomal binding site)
모니터링
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Adverse effects, particularly severe or bloody diarrhea
- Liver function tests (AST, ALT, Alk. Phosph.) may show slight, usually clinically insignificant, increases
- Fecal consistency (monitor for diarrhoea or haemorrhagic stool)
- Liver enzymes (in patients with pre-existing hepatic impairment)
약동학
반감기
흡수
Rapidly but incompletely absorbed from the gut (only about 30-40% of total dose). Food decreases both the extent and rate of absorption. Peak serum levels are attained 2-4 hours post-oral dosing, and about 30 minutes post-IM injection (IM peaks are double oral peaks).
분포
Distributes widely into most tissues including bone, synovial fluid, bile, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, skin, and heart muscle. CNS levels may reach 40% of serum levels if meninges are inflamed. Protein binding is 57-72%. Crosses the placenta and distributes into milk at concentrations equal to plasma.
대사
Partially metabolized in the liver.
배설
Unchanged drug and metabolites are excreted in the urine, feces, and bile. Half-lives can be prolonged in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction.
과다투여
There is limited information regarding acute overdoses. Lincomycin appears to have a wide margin of safety in dogs. Oral doses up to 300 mg/kg/day for up to one year, or parenteral doses of 60 mg/kg/day, did not result in apparent toxicity. If a massive overdose occurs, standard supportive care and gastrointestinal decontamination (if oral and recent) should be considered.
제품
제형
- Oral tablets
- Oral solution (drops)
- Sterile injection
- Soluble powder/feed additive
- Injectable: 100 mg/ml solution
- Oral: powder for solution
동물용의약품
- Lincomycin Oral Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg, 500 mg (Lincocin)
- Lincomycin Oral Solution: 50 mg/mL in 20 mL dropper bottles (Lincocin Aquadrops)
- Lincomycin Sterile Injection: 100 mg/mL in 20 mL vials (Lincocin)
- Lincomycin Sterile Injection (Swine): 25 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL & 300 mg/mL in 100 mL vials (Lincocin Sterile Solution, Lincomix Injectable)
- Various combination feed/water additive products for swine and poultry
- Lincocin 100 mg/ml injection
- Lincoject 100 mg/ml injection
- Lincocin powder for oral solution
인용의약품
- Lincomycin Injection: 300 mg/mL in 2 mL & 10 mL vials (Lincocin)
규제 현황
POM-V classification
POM-V classification
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Capsules, tablets, and soluble powder should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C) in tight containers. Injectable products should be stored at room temperature; avoid freezing. Physically compatible for at least 24 hours in various IV fluids (D5W, 0.9% NaCl, Ringer's). Incompatible with ampicillin sodium, carbenicillin disodium, methicillin sodium, and phenytoin sodium.
보호자 정보
- 투여 방법: 수의사의 지시에 따라 정확하게 투여하십시오. 음식은 약물 흡수를 감소시킬 수 있지만, 반려동물이 가벼운 위장 장애를 겪는 경우 소량의 간식이나 사료와 함께 주면 도움이 될 수 있습니다.
- 치료 완료: 반려동물의 상태가 호전된 것처럼 보이더라도 약물 투여를 일찍 중단하지 마십시오. 이는 내성균 감염을 유발할 수 있습니다.
- 부작용: 심각하고 지속적이거나 피가 섞인 설사, 구토 또는 식욕 부진을 발견하면 즉시 수의사에게 연락하십시오.
- 수유 중인 반려동물: 반려동물이 임신 중이거나 수유 중인 경우 수의사에게 알리십시오. 이 약은 모유로 분비되어 젖을 먹는 새끼에게 설사를 유발할 수 있습니다.
- 기타 약물: 카올린(kaolin)이 함유된 일반 지사제를 이 약 투여 전후 2시간 이내에 먹이지 마십시오. 항생제의 흡수를 방해할 수 있습니다.
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