๋ฉํฐ์ค๋
**๋ฉํฐ์ค๋(Methionine)**์ ํฉ์ ํจ์ ํ ํ์ ์๋ฏธ๋ ธ์ฐ์ผ๋ก, ์์ํ์์๋ ์ฃผ๋ก **์์ฐ์ฑํ์ ** ๋ฐ ์์ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค. * **์์ฐ์ฑํ:** ์๋ณ์ pH๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์ถ์ด **์คํธ๋ฃจ๋ฐ์ดํธ(๋ง๊ทธ๋ค์ ์๋ชจ๋ ํฌ์คํ์ดํธ) ์์**์ ์ฉํดํ๊ณ ์๋ฐฉํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ญ์ฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋์์ต๋๋ค. * **์์ ํ:** ์๋๋ฌผ ์์์์๋ ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณด์ถฉ ์์ด๋ ์๋ณ pH๋ฅผ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ด๋ฆฌํ ์ ์๋ ์ ๋ฌธ ์ฒ๋ฐฉ์(์: s/d, c/d)์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ ์ฉ๋๊ฐ ๋๋ถ๋ถ ๋์ฒด๋์์ต๋๋ค. * **์ง๋ฐฉ๊ฐ ์๋ฐฉ:** ์ฝ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐํ ์ํ์์ ์ง๋ฐฉ๊ฐ์ ์๋ฐฉํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ต์ ํ๋ ํญ์ง๋ฐฉ๊ฐ์ ๋ก ์์ฉํฉ๋๋ค. * **๋๋๋ฌผ์์์ ์ฌ์ฉ:** ๋ผ์ง์ ๊ฐ๊ธ๋ฅ์ ์์ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ , ์์ ์ผํค์ฆ ์น๋ฃ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ง๊ณผ ์์ ์ ์ฝ์ผ(๋ฐ๊ตฝ๊ณผ ๋ฐ๊ตฝ๋ผ ๊ฒฐํฉ์ ์ ์งํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ์ดํฉํ ๊ฒฐํฉ ๊ธฐ์ง์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค๋ ์ด๋ก ) ์น๋ฃ์ ๊ถ์ฅ๋๊ธฐ๋ ํ์ง๋ง, ์ ์ฝ์ผ์ ๋ํ ๋ช ํํ ํจ๋ฅ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ถ์กฑํฉ๋๋ค.
์์ฉ ๊ธฐ์ : Methionine exerts its effects through several metabolic pathways: * **Urine Acidification:** Methionine is metabolized in the liver, where its sulfur component is oxidized to **sulfate**. This sulfate is excreted by the kidneys as **sulfuric acid** โ effectively lowering urine pH. * **Lipotropic Action:** Methionine supplies methyl groups to **ethanolamine** โ forms **choline**, which is essential for lipid transport and metabolism in the liver, preventing hepatic lipidosis. * **Antioxidant & Structural Precursor:** Two molecules of methionine convert to one molecule of **cysteine**, a critical precursor for **glutathione** (a major endogenous antioxidant) and essential for disulfide bond formation in structural proteins (like keratin in hooves).
๋๋ฌผ ์ข ๋ณ ์ฉ๋
- Urine acidification ยท 1000-1500 mg per day given in the food once daily ยท PO ยท q24h ยท Use if diet and antimicrobials do not reduce pH.
- Urine acidification ยท 0.2-1 gram PO once daily ยท PO ยท q24h
- General / Ketosis ยท 20-30 grams PO ยท PO
- Laminitis (purported) ยท 22 mg/kg PO once daily for one week; then 11 mg/kg PO once daily for 1 week; then 5.5 mg/kg PO once daily for one week ยท PO ยท q24h ยท 3 weeks
- Senecio-induced liver damage ยท 12.5 grams IV in one liter saline/dextrose solution ยท IV ยท Once
- Urine acidification (struvite dissolution) ยท 100 mg/kg PO q12h ยท PO ยท q12h ยท Safe and effective in dissolving presumed infection-induced struvite uroliths in combination with an appropriate anti-microbial agent without using a struvite dissolution diet.
- Struvite dissolution therapy (if diet and antimicrobials do not result in acid urine) ยท 0.2-1 gram PO q8h ยท PO ยท q8h
์ฉ๋์ ๋ฉดํ ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์์ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์๋ฃ์ ๋๋ค. ํญ์ ์ต์ ๋ผ๋ฒจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ณ ํ์์ ๋ํด ํ์ธํ์ญ์์ค.
ํฌ์ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ก
๊ธ๊ธฐ
- Renal failure
- Pancreatic disease
- Hepatic insufficiency
- Preexisting acidosis
- Oxalate or urate calculi
- Kittens
- Pre-existing metabolic acidosis
- Severe liver disease or hepatic encephalopathy
- Urate, cystine, or calcium oxalate urolithiasis
- Young growing animals
- Pregnant or nursing animals
์ด์๋ฐ์
- Gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting)
- Heinz-body hemolytic anemia (especially in cats)
- Methemoglobinemia
- Ataxia
- Cyanosis
- Metabolic acidosis
- Gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Heinz body anemia (especially in cats at high doses)
- Worsening of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver disease
์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ํธ์์ฉ
- Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin) ยท Urine acidification may diminish the effectiveness of aminoglycosides in treating bacterial urinary tract infections, as they are more effective in an alkaline medium.
- Erythromycin ยท Urine acidification may diminish the effectiveness of erythromycin in treating bacterial urinary tract infections.
- Quinidine ยท Urine acidification may increase the renal excretion of quinidine, potentially lowering its systemic levels.
- Other urinary acidifiers (e.g., ammonium chloride) ยท Additive acidification leading to severe metabolic acidosis ยท major
- Urinary acidifying diets ยท Excessive lowering of urine pH and increased risk of metabolic acidosis ยท major
๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง
- Urine pH (goal of therapy is typically โค6.5)
- Blood pH (if signs of toxicity or metabolic acidosis are present)
- CBC in cats (if exhibiting signs of toxicity, to check for Heinz-body anemia)
- Urine pH
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) to monitor for Heinz bodies, especially in cats
- Acid-base status (blood gases) if overdosage is suspected
- Liver function
๊ณผ์ฉ๋
**Feline Toxicity:** Cats are particularly sensitive to methionine overdose. * When administered at a dose of 2 grams orally per day to mature cats, it caused **anorexia, methemoglobinemia, Heinz body formation (with resultant hemolytic anemia), ataxia, and cyanosis**. * **Kittens:** Methionine may be highly toxic to kittens who consume other cats' food to which methionine has been added. **General Toxicity:** Metabolic acidosis can occur with overdoses in any species, particularly when used in combination with an acidifying diet. No specific information was located on the treatment of methionine overdosage; treatment should be symptomatic and supportive (e.g., correcting acid-base imbalances).
VetSheet ์ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ ํผ๋ฐ์ค๋ ๋ฉดํ ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์์ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ ๋ฌธ์ ํ๋จ์ด๋ ์ ์กฐ์ฌ์ ์ต์ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์ ๋์ ํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค.