메토카르바몰

근이완제

**메토카르바몰(Methocarbamol)**은 구아이페네신과 구조적으로 관련된 중추성 골격근 이완제입니다. 수의학에서는 골격근의 급성 염증 및 외상성 상태를 치료하고 심한 근육 경련과 떨림을 관리하는 데 널리 사용됩니다. **임상 요점:** * **고양이의 퍼메트린(permethrin) 중독** 및 개에서의 **진전 유발 곰팡이 독소**(예: 곰팡이가 핀 음식) 섭취 시 생명을 구하는 중재법으로 매우 효과적이며 자주 사용됩니다. * 경구용 및 주사용 제제로 제공됩니다. * 주사제에는 폴리에틸렌 글리콜(PEG) 300이 포함되어 있어 기존의 신장 병리를 악화시킬 수 있으므로, 심각한 신장 질환이 있는 환자에게는 정맥 주사(IV) 사용을 주의하거나 피해야 합니다. * 수축된 골격근을 직접 이완시키지 않으며 중추 신경계 억제를 통해 작용합니다.

작용 기전: The exact mechanism of action of methocarbamol is not fully understood, but it is known to act centrally rather than peripherally. * **Central CNS Depression:** It is believed to cause skeletal muscle relaxation by general central nervous system depression, likely depressing polysynaptic reflexes in the **internuncial neurons** of the spinal cord. * **No Peripheral Action:** It has **no direct relaxant effects** on striated muscle, nerve fibers, or the motor endplate. * **Secondary Effects:** Produces a secondary sedative effect due to its generalized CNS depressant properties.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Relief of moderate conditions · 44 mg/kg IV · IV · As directed · Administer half the estimated dose rapidly, then wait until animal starts to relax and continue administration to effect.
Controlling severe effects of strychnine and tetanus · 55-220 mg/kg IV · IV · As directed · Do not exceed 330 mg/kg/day. Administer half the estimated dose rapidly, then wait until animal starts to relax and continue administration to effect.
General muscle relaxation (Tablets) · Initially, 132 mg/kg/day PO divided q8h-q12h, then 61-132 mg/kg divided q8-12h · PO · q8h-q12h · Discontinue if no response in 5 days
Adjunctive treatment (control of seizures/muscle tremors) of permethrin toxicity · initially administered at 50-150 mg/kg IV · IV · As directed · First half is given IV slowly over approximately 5-10 minutes and the second half of the dose being given as needed to effect. The dose can be repeated up to a maximum of 330 mg/kg/day; in severely affected cases, the total daily dose can be calculated and given over 24 hours as a constant rate infusion.
General muscle spasms, tetanus, toxicities · 20-45 mg/kg · PO · q8h · As needed · Very high doses may be required for tetanus. Recommended not to exceed 330 mg/kg. Limited literature in cats.

Horses

Moderate conditions · 4.4-22 mg/kg IV to effect · IV · As directed · ARCI UCGFS Class 4 Drug
Severe conditions · 22-55 mg/kg IV · IV · As directed
General muscle relaxation · 15-25 mg/kg IV by slow infusion · IV · As directed

투여 경로

POIV

금기

Food-producing animals
Renal disease (injectable formulation only, due to PEG 300 vehicle)
Known hypersensitivity to methocarbamol
Subcutaneous (SC) administration
No specific contraindications available, but use with caution in renal or hepatic impairment.

이상반응

Sedation
Salivation
Emesis
Lethargy
Weakness
Ataxia

약물 상호작용

CNS Depressants (e.g., opioids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates) · Additive CNS depression may occur when given concurrently.
Pyridostigmine · May cause severe weakness (reported in a human patient with myasthenia gravis).
Other CNS depressants · Additive CNS depression · moderate

모니터링

Level of muscle relaxation
Degree of sedation
Respiratory rate and effort (especially with high IV doses or concurrent CNS depressants)
Degree of muscle relaxation
CNS depression/sedation levels
Renal and hepatic function (if prolonged use)

과용량

**Signs of Toxicity:** Overdosage is generally characterized by profound CNS depressant effects, including loss of righting reflex and prostration. Excessive doses in dogs and cats may manifest as emesis, salivation, severe weakness, and ataxia. **Management:** * **Decontamination:** If the overdose occurred recently via oral administration, emptying the gut (e.g., emesis induction or gastric lavage) may be indicated. **Do not induce emesis** if the patient's continued consciousness and airway protection are not assured. * **Supportive Care:** Treat other clinical signs supportively if severe. Monitor respiratory and cardiovascular function closely.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.