메토카르바몰
Methocarbamol
Guaiphenesin carbamate
다른 이름: Robaxin-V · Robaxin-750 · Guaiphenesin carbamate · Labycarbol · Laxan · Lumirelax · Miowas · Musxan · Myocin · Myomethol · Ortoton · Remisol · Rexivin · Robinax · Traumacut · Methocarbamolum
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
동물 종별 용량
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
개
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relief of moderate conditions | 44 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Controlling severe effects of strychnine and tetanus | 55-220 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| General muscle relaxation (Tablets) | Initially, 132 mg/kg/day PO divided q8h-q12h, then 61-132 mg/kg divided q8-12h | PO | q8h-q12h | Discontinue if no response in 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Muscle relaxation for intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) | 15-20 mg/kg PO three times daily | PO | TID | — | 🌎 NA |
| Muscle relaxation for certain toxicosis (e.g., strychnine, metaldehyde, tetanus) | 150 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Control severe tremors associated with tremorgenic Mycotoxin intoxication | 55-220 mg/kg IV to effect at a rate no more than 2 mL/minute | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Control tremors associated with Guarana (caffeine) toxicity | 50-220 mg/kg IV, administered slowly and to effect; do not exceed 330 mg/kg/day | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| General muscle spasms, tetanus, toxicities | 20-45 mg/kg | PO | q8h | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Relief of moderate conditions: Administer half the estimated dose rapidly, then wait until animal starts to relax and continue administration to effect.
- Controlling severe effects of strychnine and tetanus: Do not exceed 330 mg/kg/day. Administer half the estimated dose rapidly, then wait until animal starts to relax and continue administration to effect.
- General muscle spasms, tetanus, toxicities: Very high doses may be required for tetanus. Recommended not to exceed 330 mg/kg.
고양이
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relief of moderate conditions | 44 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Controlling severe effects of strychnine and tetanus | 55-220 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| General muscle relaxation (Tablets) | Initially, 132 mg/kg/day PO divided q8h-q12h, then 61-132 mg/kg divided q8-12h | PO | q8h-q12h | Discontinue if no response in 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment (control of seizures/muscle tremors) of permethrin toxicity | initially administered at 50-150 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| General muscle spasms, tetanus, toxicities | 20-45 mg/kg | PO | q8h | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Relief of moderate conditions: Administer half the estimated dose rapidly, then wait until animal starts to relax and continue administration to effect.
- Controlling severe effects of strychnine and tetanus: Do not exceed 330 mg/kg/day. Administer half the estimated dose rapidly, then wait until animal starts to relax and continue administration to effect.
- Adjunctive treatment (control of seizures/muscle tremors) of permethrin toxicity: First half is given IV slowly over approximately 5-10 minutes and the second half of the dose being given as needed to effect. The dose can be repeated up to a maximum of 330 mg/kg/day; in severely affected cases, the total daily dose can be calculated and given over 24 hours as a constant rate infusion.
- General muscle spasms, tetanus, toxicities: Very high doses may be required for tetanus. Recommended not to exceed 330 mg/kg. Limited literature in cats.
말
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate conditions | 4.4-22 mg/kg IV to effect | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Severe conditions | 22-55 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| General muscle relaxation | 15-25 mg/kg IV by slow infusion | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Oral administration | Use 2-3 times the recommended IV dose | PO | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Acute rhabdomyolysis | 15-25 mg/kg slow IV infusion | IV | May repeat up to four times daily if needed | — | 🌎 NA |
- Moderate conditions: ARCI UCGFS Class 4 Drug
소
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of CNS hyperactivity | 110 mg/kg IV | IV | As directed | — | 🌎 NA |
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
메토카르바몰(Methocarbamol)은 구아이페네신과 구조적으로 관련된 중추성 골격근 이완제입니다. 수의학에서는 골격근의 급성 염증 및 외상성 상태를 치료하고 심한 근육 경련과 떨림을 관리하는 데 널리 사용됩니다.
임상 요점:
- 고양이의 퍼메트린(permethrin) 중독 및 개에서의 진전 유발 곰팡이 독소(예: 곰팡이가 핀 음식) 섭취 시 생명을 구하는 중재법으로 매우 효과적이며 자주 사용됩니다.
- 경구용 및 주사용 제제로 제공됩니다.
- 주사제에는 폴리에틸렌 글리콜(PEG) 300이 포함되어 있어 기존의 신장 병리를 악화시킬 수 있으므로, 심각한 신장 질환이 있는 환자에게는 정맥 주사(IV) 사용을 주의하거나 피해야 합니다.
- 수축된 골격근을 직접 이완시키지 않으며 중추 신경계 억제를 통해 작용합니다.
작용 기전
The exact mechanism of action of methocarbamol is not fully understood, but it is known to act centrally rather than peripherally.
- Central CNS Depression: It is believed to cause skeletal muscle relaxation by general central nervous system depression, likely depressing polysynaptic reflexes in the internuncial neurons of the spinal cord.
- No Peripheral Action: It has no direct relaxant effects on striated muscle, nerve fibers, or the motor endplate.
- Secondary Effects: Produces a secondary sedative effect due to its generalized CNS depressant properties.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Food-producing animals
- Renal disease (injectable formulation only, due to PEG 300 vehicle)
- Known hypersensitivity to methocarbamol
- Subcutaneous (SC) administration
- No specific contraindications available, but use with caution in renal or hepatic impairment.
부작용
- Sedation
- Salivation
- Emesis
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Ataxia
주의
Administration Warnings:
- Intravenous Use: Give IV slowly. Do not exceed a rate of 2 mL/minute in dogs and cats. Avoid extravasation as it can cause tissue irritation.
- Do NOT administer subcutaneously (SC).
Organ System Warnings:
- Renal Impairment: The injectable product contains polyethylene glycol (PEG) 300, which can increase pre-existing acidosis and urea retention. Avoid IV use in patients with known or suspected renal pathology.
- Working Animals: May impair the abilities of working animals due to CNS depressant effects.
Reproductive/Nursing:
- FDA Category C for pregnancy. Use with caution as a last resort when benefits clearly outweigh risks. Safety during lactation is unknown, though considered compatible with breastfeeding in humans.
Laboratory Considerations:
- May falsely elevate urinary values of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) or 5-HIAA.
약물 상호작용
Additive CNS depression may occur when given concurrently.
May cause severe weakness (reported in a human patient with myasthenia gravis).
Additive CNS depression
모니터링
- Level of muscle relaxation
- Degree of sedation
- Respiratory rate and effort (especially with high IV doses or concurrent CNS depressants)
- Degree of muscle relaxation
- CNS depression/sedation levels
- Renal and hepatic function (if prolonged use)
약동학
반감기
흡수
In humans, onset of action is about 30 minutes after oral administration. Peak levels occur approximately 2 hours after dosing.
분포
Limited pharmacokinetic data is available in veterinary species.
대사
The drug is metabolized to inactive metabolites. Guaifenesin is a minor metabolite of methocarbamol, but due to very low concentrations, it likely has no clinical effect.
배설
Inactive metabolites are excreted primarily into the urine, with small amounts in the feces. In horses, plasma clearances appear to be dose-dependent after IV administration (lower clearances measured after higher doses).
과다투여
Signs of Toxicity: Overdosage is generally characterized by profound CNS depressant effects, including loss of righting reflex and prostration. Excessive doses in dogs and cats may manifest as emesis, salivation, severe weakness, and ataxia.
Management:
- Decontamination: If the overdose occurred recently via oral administration, emptying the gut (e.g., emesis induction or gastric lavage) may be indicated. Do not induce emesis if the patient's continued consciousness and airway protection are not assured.
- Supportive Care: Treat other clinical signs supportively if severe. Monitor respiratory and cardiovascular function closely.
제품
제형
- Injection
- Oral: 500 mg, 750 mg tablets
동물용의약품
- Methocarbamol Tablets: 500 mg (Robaxin-V)
- Methocarbamol Injection: 100 mg/mL in vials of 20 mL and 100 mL (Robaxin-V)
인용의약품
- Methocarbamol Tablets: 500 mg & 750 mg (Robaxin, Robaxin-750, generic)
- Methocarbamol Injection: 100 mg/mL in 10 mL vials (Robaxin)
- Robaxin 500 mg tablets
- Robaxin 750 mg tablets
규제 현황
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
POM
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Store tablets at room temperature in tight containers. Store the injection at room temperature and do not freeze. Solutions prepared for IV infusion should not be refrigerated as a precipitate may form. Because a haze or precipitate may form, all diluted intravenous solutions should be physically inspected before administration.
보호자 정보
중요 참고 사항: 이 약을 복용하는 동안 반려동물의 소변 색이 어두워질 수 있습니다(때로는 검은색, 갈색 또는 녹색으로 보일 수 있음). 이는 무해한 부작용이므로 걱정할 필요가 없습니다.
- 진정 및 졸음: 이 약은 일반적으로 졸음, 무기력, 보행 불균형(운동 실조)을 유발합니다. 부상을 방지하기 위해 반려동물을 계단, 뛰어내릴 수 있는 가구 또는 기타 위험 요소에서 멀리 떨어진 안전하고 제한된 공간에 두십시오.
- 투여: 처방된 대로 정확하게 투여하십시오. 복용을 잊은 경우 다음 복용 시 두 배의 용량을 투여하지 마십시오.
- 보고해야 할 부작용: 반려동물이 심한 구토, 과도한 침 흘림을 보이거나 너무 약해져서 일어설 수 없는 경우 수의사에게 연락하십시오.
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