메토헥시탈
Methohexital
Methohexital sodium
다른 이름: Brevital · Brevimytal · Brietal · compound 25398 · enallynymalnatrium · methohexitone sodium
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
감사 완료 v13 용량 근거
검토된 비계산 근거검토된 비계산 근거 (3)
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Recovery time of red-sided garter snakes at 21°C (70°F), 125 min; 26°C (79°F), 86 min; 31°C (88°F), 64 min; thinner snakes had longer recovery times; if within 5 wk of parturition, mean recovery time 2 × as long as nongravid; time postfeeding had no effect at 1, 3, 10 days266
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Methohexital (Brevital, Lilly). Dosage: —. Species/Comments: Recovery time of red-sided garter snakes at 21°C (70°F), 125 min; 26°C (79°F), 86 min; 31°C (88°F), 64 min; thinner snakes had longer recovery times; if within 5 wk of parturition, mean recovery time 2 × as long as nongravid; time postfeeding had no effect at 1, 3, 10 days266.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Most species/induction, 5–30 min; recovery, 1–5 hr; use at 0.125%–0.5% concentration; much species variability; decrease dose 20%–30% for young animals; avoid use in debilitated animals
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Methohexital (Brevital, Lilly). Dosage: 5–20 mg/kg SC,19 IV89. Species/Comments: Most species/induction, 5–30 min; recovery, 1–5 hr; use at 0.125%–0.5% concentration; much species variability; decrease dose 20%–30% for young animals; avoid use in debilitated animals.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Colubrids/induction, ≥ 22 min; recovery, 2–5 hr; does not produce soft-tissue irritation seen with other barbiturates; may need to adjust dosage in obese snakes
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Methohexital (Brevital, Lilly). Dosage: 9–10 mg/kg SC,243 ICe. Species/Comments: Colubrids/induction, ≥ 22 min; recovery, 2–5 hr; does not produce soft-tissue irritation seen with other barbiturates; may need to adjust dosage in obese snakes.
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
메토헥시탈은 초단기 작용 메틸화 산소바르비투르산계 마취제입니다. 현대 수의학에서는 대부분 프로포폴로 대체되었으나, 작용 종료가 지방으로의 재분포가 아닌 빠른 간 대사에 의존하기 때문에 시각하운드(예: 그레이하운드)에서 특히 유용합니다. 또한 위가 가득 찬 환자의 빠른 기관 삽관에도 유리하여 구토물 흡인을 방지할 수 있습니다.
임상 요점:
- 진통 및 근육 이완 효과가 없습니다.
- 조직에 대한 자극성이 매우 강하며, 혈관 외로 유출될 경우 심각한 국소 조직 괴사를 일으킬 수 있습니다.
- 티오펜탈보다 약 2배 강력하지만 작용 시간은 절반입니다.
작용 기전
Methohexital produces dose-dependent CNS depression by depressing the reticular activating system in the brainstem.
- Mechanism: Binds to the GABA_A receptor complex → prolongs the opening of chloride channels → increases intracellular chloride influx → cellular hyperpolarization → profound inhibition of neuronal firing.
- Termination of Effect: Unlike thiobarbiturates, methohexital is rapidly metabolized by the liver and does not depend on redistribution to fat to reverse its effects.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Absence of suitable veins for IV administration
- History of hypersensitivity reactions to barbiturates
- Status asthmaticus
- Cattle (due to unpredictable effects)
부작용
- Apnea
- Hypotension
- Muscle tremors
- Seizures during recovery
- Rough recoveries (especially in dogs)
- Profound respiratory depression
- Tissue necrosis (if extravasated)
주의
WARNING: Strictly for IV use. Perivascular extravasation causes severe tissue necrosis. Extravasation injuries can be treated with multiple infiltrates of sterile normal saline and lidocaine for pain.
- Relative Contraindications: Seizure-prone animals, severe cardiovascular disease, preexisting ventricular arrhythmias, shock, increased intracranial pressure, myasthenia gravis, asthma, and conditions with prolonged hypnotic effects (e.g., severe hepatic disease, myxedema, severe anemia).
- Species Warnings: NOT recommended for use in cattle due to unpredictable effects.
- Administration: Repeated dosing or IV infusions are not recommended as recovery times can be significantly prolonged and increase the risk for complications.
약물 상호작용
Additive CNS and respiratory depression; premedication is usually preferred to reduce methohexital dosage required for inductions and to decrease rough recoveries.
모니터링
- Plane of anesthesia
- Respiratory rate and depth
- Cardiac rate, rhythm, and blood pressure
- CNS stimulation (seizures) upon recovery
약동학
반감기
흡수
Rapid onset of anesthesia (15-60 seconds) after IV injection.
분포
Distribution half-life is 5-6 minutes. Not dependent on redistribution to fat to reverse its effects.
대사
Rapidly metabolized by the liver.
배설
No drug is detectable in the body 24 hours after administration. Recovery times in small animals average 30 minutes.
과다투여
Narrow Safety Margin: The lethal dose may only be 2-3 times the anesthetic dose.
- Clinical Signs: Profound respiratory depression, apnea, hypotension, and cardiovascular collapse.
- Treatment: Requires immediate mechanical ventilation and cardiovascular support. Postoperative seizures have been reported and can be treated with IV diazepam.
제품
제형
- Powder for injection
인용의약품
- Methohexital Sodium Powder for Injection: 500 mg & 2.5 grams in 50 mL multiple dose vials
규제 현황
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Store powder at room temperature (<25°C). Reconstitute preferably with sterile water for injection (D5W or 0.9% NaCl may be used for 0.2% concentrations). Do NOT use solutions with bacteriostatic agents. Incompatible with silicone (avoid silicone-treated rubber stoppers/syringes). Do NOT mix with acidic drugs (e.g., atropine, succinylcholine).
보호자 정보
메토헥시탈은 수술이나 짧은 시술 전 반려동물을 수면 상태로 유도하기 위해 병원 환경에서만 사용되는 속효성 마취제입니다.
- 빠른 작용: 몇 초 안에 효과가 나타나 수의료 팀이 반려동물의 기도를 빠르게 확보할 수 있습니다.
- 회복: 일부 반려동물(특히 개)은 깨어날 때 '거친 회복'(떨림, 흥분 또는 짖음)을 겪을 수 있습니다. 수의료 팀은 이를 면밀히 모니터링하며, 이 과정을 부드럽게 하기 위해 다른 약물을 사용할 수 있습니다.
- 안전성: 이 약물의 효과가 지속되는 동안 반려동물의 심박수, 호흡, 혈압을 지속적으로 모니터링합니다.
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