미노사이클린
Minocycline
Minocycline Hydrochloride
다른 이름: Minocin · Dynacin · Solodyn · Myrac · Arestin · Aknemin · minocyclini hydrochloridum · Asolmicina · Cyclimycin · Cyclomin · Dermirex · Meibi · Minogal · Minox · Minocyclinum
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
감사 완료 v13 용량 근거
구조화 용량 계산 근거Lyme borreliosis (extra-label)
인증된 수의사 확인 필요
- q12-24h
NA
반드시 함께 고려할 임상 맥락 (6)
- NOTE: No clinical studies using IV minocycline were located.
- Considering minocycline’s bioavailability, use of IV dosages at the lower end of the oral range appears to be reasonable. Doses administered IV should be given over at least 10 minutes. 33,34 Immediate-release formulations are used for oral dosages.
- Considering minocycline’s bioavailability, use of IV dosages at the lower end of the oral range appears to be reasonable. Doses administered IV should be given over at least 10 minutes. 33,34 Immediate-release formulations are used for oral dosages.
- Store oral preparations at room temperature in tight containers. Do not freeze oral suspensions. The injectable should be stored at room temperature ( 20°C-25°C [68°F-77°F]) and protected from light, moisture, and excessive heat. After reconstitution with sterile water for injection, solutions with a concentration of 20 mg/mL are stable for 4 hours at room temperature or for 24 hours if refrigerated.
- ■ Oral minocycline works best when given without food. If your animal vomits or acts sick after receiving the medicine on an empty stomach, try giving the next dose with a small amount of food or a treat.
- ■ Do not give antacids, including sucralfate, oral iron, and antidiarrheal medicine, within 2 hours before or after giving minocycline.
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
미노사이클린은 지용성이 높은 2세대 테트라사이클린계 항생제입니다. 혈액뇌장벽(BBB)을 통과하고 전립선에 침투하는 등 조직 침투력이 매우 뛰어난 것이 특징입니다.
- 임상 용도: 브루셀라증, 라임병, 혈액 마이코플라스마증, 비정형 마이코박테리아 감염 및 내성 원내 감염.
- 장점: 기존의 수용성 테트라사이클린에 비해 뼈와 치아 이상을 유발할 가능성이 적습니다. 중등도의 신기능 저하 환자에게도 용량 조절 없이 안전하게 사용할 수 있습니다.
- 추가 특성: 항균 효과 외에도 항염증 및 신경 보호 특성(예: 기질 금속단백분해효소 억제)을 보여 혈관육종과 같은 질환의 보조 요법으로 연구되었으나, 초기 결과는 실망스러웠습니다.
작용 기전
Minocycline is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that exhibits time-dependent (AUC/MIC) inhibition of bacterial growth.
- Primary Mechanism: Reversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible organisms → blocks the binding of aminoacyl transfer-RNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex → inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.
- Secondary Mechanism: Reversibly binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit → alters cytoplasmic membrane permeability, leading to leakage of intracellular components.
- Mammalian Effects: At very high concentrations, it can inhibit mammalian protein synthesis. It also inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and apoptosis, contributing to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines
- Pregnant or nursing animals
- Animals less than 6 months old (relative contraindication)
- Pregnancy
- Young, developing animals
부작용
- Nausea and vomiting (most common)
- Dental or bone staining (if exposed in utero or early life)
- Increases in hepatic enzymes (rare)
- Ototoxicity (rare)
- Urticaria, shivering, hypotension, dyspnea, cardiac arrhythmias, and shock (if given rapidly IV)
- Superinfections (overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria or fungi)
- Photosensitivity (reported in humans)
- Hepatotoxicity or blood dyscrasias (rare, reported in humans)
- CNS effects like dizziness/lightheadedness (reported in humans)
- Blue-gray pigmentation of skin and mucous membranes (reported in humans)
- Diarrhoea
- Bone and teeth abnormalities (in developing animals)
- Oesophageal erosions (especially in cats if dry-pilled)
주의
Intravenous Administration: Give IV injections slowly. Rapid IV injection in dogs has caused urticaria, shivering, hypotension, dyspnea, arrhythmias, and shock.
- Renal Impairment: Can be used in moderate renal insufficiency without dosage adjustment, but oliguric renal failure may require adjustment.
- Pregnancy/Nursing: Avoid use during pregnancy unless benefits outweigh fetal risks (can retard fetal skeletal development and discolor deciduous teeth). Avoid during nursing as it is excreted in milk.
- Laboratory Interference: Can cause false-positive urine glucose results (cupric sulfate method) or false-negative results (glucose oxidase method).
약물 상호작용
Can chelate divalent or trivalent cations, decreasing absorption of the tetracycline. Give at least 12 hours before or after the cation-containing product.
May reduce minocycline absorption.
Decreased tetracycline absorption. Give iron salts 3 hours before or 2 hours after the tetracycline dose.
May increase the risk for nervous system effects when used concurrently.
Bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal activity of these antibiotics (clinical significance is controversial).
Tetracyclines may depress plasma prothrombin activity; anticoagulant dosage adjustment may be needed.
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Reduced absorption of minocycline
Increased metabolism of minocycline, decreasing plasma levels
Increased metabolism of minocycline, decreasing plasma levels
모니터링
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Adverse effects (GI upset, signs of hypersensitivity)
- Renal function (if used concurrently with nephrotoxic drugs like gentamicin)
- Gastrointestinal signs
- Hepatic function (in patients with pre-existing liver disease)
약동학
반감기
흡수
Well absorbed after oral administration regardless of the presence of food.
분포
Highly lipid soluble and distributed widely throughout the body. Therapeutic levels can be found in the CSF (whether meninges are inflamed or not), prostate, saliva, and eye.
대사
Extensively metabolized in the liver.
배설
Primarily excreted as inactive metabolites in the feces and urine. Less than 20% is excreted unchanged in the urine.
과다투여
Oral overdoses are most likely associated with GI disturbances (vomiting, anorexia, and/or diarrhea).
- Treatment: Although less vulnerable to chelation than other tetracyclines, oral administration of divalent or trivalent cation antacids may bind some of the drug and reduce GI distress.
- Supportive Care: Should the patient develop severe emesis or diarrhea, monitor fluids and electrolytes and replace if necessary.
제품
제형
- Oral tablets
- Pellet-filled oral capsules
- Oral suspension
- Powder for injection
- Powdered microspheres (dental)
- 50 mg capsules
- 100 mg capsules
- 50 mg tablets
- 100 mg tablets
인용의약품
- Minocycline HCl Oral Tablets: 50 mg, 75 mg & 100 mg
- Minocycline HCl Extended-Release Tablets: 45 mg, 65 mg, 90 mg, 115 mg & 135 mg (Dynacin, Myrac, Solodyn)
- Minocycline HCl Oral Capsules: 50 mg, 75 mg & 100 mg (Dynacin)
- Minocycline HCl Pellet-filled Oral Capsules: 50 mg & 100 mg (Minocin)
- Minocycline HCl Oral Suspension: 50 mg/5 mL (Minocin)
- Minocycline HCl Powder for Injection: 100 mg vials (Minocin)
- Minocycline HCl Powdered Microspheres, dental: 1 mg (Arestin)
- Aknemin 50 mg, 100 mg capsules/tablets
- Minocin 50 mg, 100 mg capsules/tablets
규제 현황
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Store oral preparations at room temperature in tight containers. Do not freeze the oral suspension. Store injectable at room temperature and protect from light. After reconstituting with sterile water for injection, 20 mg/mL solutions are stable for 24 hours at room temperature. Do not add calcium-containing IV fluids (like Ringer's) as precipitation could result.
보호자 정보
중요: 반려동물이 완전히 회복된 것처럼 보이더라도 수의사가 권장하는 전체 기간 동안 처방대로 정확히 투약하십시오. 일찍 중단하면 내성 감염이 발생할 수 있습니다.
- 투여 방법: 식사와 관계없이 투여할 수 있습니다. 위장 장애(메스꺼움 또는 구토)가 발생하는 경우 소량의 음식과 함께 투여하면 증상 완화에 도움이 되는 경우가 많습니다.
- 유제품: 기존 테트라사이클린과 달리 우유나 기타 유제품은 미노사이클린의 흡수량에 큰 영향을 미치지 않습니다.
- 부작용: 구토, 설사 또는 식욕 부진이 있는지 관찰하십시오. 이러한 증상이 심하거나 지속되면 수의사에게 연락하십시오.
- 보관: 경구용 약물은 실온에서 밀폐된 용기에 보관하십시오. 액상 현탁액을 얼리지 마십시오.
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