난드롤론 데카노에이트

주사용 단백동화 스테로이드

난드롤론 데카노에이트는 **주사용 단백동화 스테로이드**로, 과거에는 특정 빈혈(예: 만성 신부전 속발성 빈혈) 환자의 **적혈구 생성**을 자극하거나 식욕 촉진제로 주로 사용되었습니다. 현대 수의학에서는 더 안전하고 효과적인 대체제(예: 에리스로포이에틴, 미르타자핀 등)가 있어 현재는 거의 권장되거나 사용되지 않습니다. **제3군 통제 약물(C-III)**로 분류됩니다.

작용 기전: Nandrolone is a synthetic derivative of testosterone with enhanced anabolic and reduced androgenic properties. * **Anabolic Effects:** Binds to intracellular **androgen receptors (AR)** → translocates to the nucleus → alters gene transcription. In the presence of adequate protein and calories, it promotes body tissue-building processes and reverses catabolism. * **Erythropoiesis Stimulation:** Enhances red blood cell counts by directly stimulating red cell precursors in the bone marrow, increasing red cell **2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)**, and stimulating **erythropoietin (EPO)** production in the kidneys. * **Endocrine Feedback:** Suppresses endogenous testosterone release by inhibiting **luteinizing hormone (LH)**. Large doses impede spermatogenesis via negative feedback inhibition of **follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)**. * **Metabolic Effects:** Causes retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus, and decreases urinary excretion of calcium.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

FeLV-induced anemia or as a general bone marrow stimulant · 10-20 mg IM once weekly · IM · once weekly · Is of questionable benefit.
Chronic anemia secondary to feline cardiomyopathy · 50 mg IM weekly · IM · weekly

Dogs

Adjunctive treatment of chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis · 2 mg/kg IM weekly · IM · weekly · 3 weeks · Used with prednisolone (2-3 mg/kg PO once daily for 3-4 weeks, then tapered). If anemia does not respond, azathioprine may be added.
Disuse muscle atrophy secondary to immobilization · 1.5 mg/kg IM once weekly · IM · once weekly · up to 8 weeks · Start from the day of surgery/immobilization.
Treatment of anemia in patients with chronic renal failure · 1-1.5 mg/kg IM once weekly · IM · once weekly · May require 2-3 months to achieve beneficial effects · Evidence to support use is poor.
Treatment of anemia in patients with chronic renal failure · 5 mg/kg IM (maximum of 200 mg/week) every 2-3 weeks · IM · every 2-3 weeks
Treatment of metabolic and endocrine anemias · 5 mg/kg IM once weekly · IM · once weekly · Maximum of 200 mg. Most resolve with correction of underlying disease process.
Aplastic anemia · 1-3 mg/kg IM weekly · IM · weekly
Appetite stimulant · 5 mg/kg IM weekly · IM · weekly · Maximum 200 mg/week.

투여 경로

금기

Hepatic dysfunction
Hypercalcemia
History of myocardial infarction
Pituitary insufficiency
Prostate carcinoma
Mammary carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Nephrotic stage of nephritis
Pregnancy (FDA Category X - known teratogen)

이상반응

Sodium, calcium, potassium, water, chloride, and phosphate retention
Hepatotoxicity
Behavioral changes (androgenic effects, e.g., increased aggression)
Reproductive abnormalities (oligospermia, estrus suppression)
Masculinization of female fetuses (teratogenic)

약물 상호작용

Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) · Anabolic agents may potentiate the effects of anticoagulants; monitoring of INR and dosage adjustment of the anticoagulant are recommended.
Corticosteroids, ACTH · Anabolics may enhance the edema that can be associated with ACTH or adrenal steroid therapy.
Insulin · Anabolics may decrease blood glucose and decrease insulin requirements; diabetic patients may need dosage adjustments.

모니터링

Androgenic side effects (behavioral changes)
Fluid and electrolyte status (especially sodium, potassium, calcium)
Liver function tests (AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin)
Red blood cell count and indices
Weight and appetite

과용량

No specific information was located for this agent in veterinary species. In humans, **sodium and water retention** can occur after overdosage of anabolic steroids. * **Treatment:** Treat supportively. Monitor liver function and electrolyte status should an inadvertent overdose be administered.

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