오르비플록사신
Orbifloxacin
4-fluoroquinolone
다른 이름: Orbax · Posatex · Marufloxacin · Orbifloxacino · Orbifloxacinum
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
동물 종별 용량
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
개
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 2.5 mg/kg-7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Urinary tract infections (cystitis) and skin/soft tissue infections (wounds and abscesses) | 2.5-7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Bacterial cystitis | 2.5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Skin and other soft tissue infections | 7.5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Otitis | 2-8 drops per ear | topical | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Tablets. Higher end of the dosing range may be necessary in hospitalized patients, those with underlying disease, structural alterations, or infections caused by 'problem' pathogens.
- Urinary tract infections (cystitis) and skin/soft tissue infections (wounds and abscesses): Suspension.
- Otitis: Number of drops is determined by the weight of the dog.
고양이
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 2.5 mg/kg-7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Skin infections (wounds and abscesses) | 7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Skin and other soft tissue infections | 7.5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Tablets. Higher end of the dosing range may be necessary for complicated infections.
- Skin infections (wounds and abscesses): Suspension. For susceptible strains of S. aureus, E. coli, and P. multocida.
- Skin and other soft tissue infections: Caution with higher doses due to risk of retinal blindness.
말
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections | 7.5 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
오르비플록사신은 주로 수의학에서 사용되는 합성 광범위 플루오로퀴놀론계 항생제입니다. 농도 의존적 살균 활성을 보이며, 약물 농도가 최소 억제 농도(MIC) 이하로 떨어진 후에도 세균 증식이 계속 억제되는 유의미한 항생제 후 효과(PAE)를 가집니다.
호기성 그람 음성 간균(예: 대장균, 클레브시엘라, 프로테우스, 엔테로박터, 파스퇴렐라) 및 일부 그람 양성 구균(예: 포도상구균)에 매우 효과적입니다.
임상 요점: 다른 플루오로퀴놀론계와 마찬가지로 오르비플록사신은 절대 혐기성 세균 및 대부분의 장구균에 대한 효능이 떨어집니다. 책임 있는 항생제 사용을 위해 배양 및 감수성 검사에서 필요성이 확인된 감염에만 제한적으로 사용해야 합니다.
작용 기전
Fluoroquinolones exert their bactericidal effect by targeting two essential bacterial enzymes:
- DNA Gyrase (Topoisomerase II): The primary target in gram-negative bacteria. It prevents the relaxation of positively supercoiled DNA, which is required for normal transcription and replication.
- Topoisomerase IV: The primary target in gram-positive bacteria. It interferes with the separation of interlinked replicated DNA molecules.
Mechanism Pathway: Orbifloxacin binds to the enzyme-DNA complex → inhibits DNA replication and transcription → induces double-stranded DNA breaks → rapid bacterial cell death.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Immature dogs during the rapid growth phase (2-8 months in small/medium breeds; up to 18 months in large/giant breeds)
- Known hypersensitivity to orbifloxacin or other quinolones
- Giant-breed dogs <18 months old
- Large breeds <12 months old
- Small and medium-sized breeds <8 months old
- Pregnant or lactating bitches
- Animals intended for breeding
- Animals <4 months of age (otic preparation)
- Animals with a ruptured tympanum (otic preparation)
부작용
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Arthropathies (cartilage damage) in immature, growing animals
- Potential retinal toxicity/blindness in cats (rare, but reported with higher doses of fluoroquinolones)
- CNS stimulation (rare)
- Cartilage abnormalities in growing animals
- CNS adverse effects (potentiated by NSAIDs)
- Retinal blindness in cats (dose-dependent)
주의
Use with caution in animals with known or suspected CNS disorders (e.g., seizure disorders) as fluoroquinolones have rarely been associated with CNS stimulation. Safety in breeding or pregnant dogs and cats has not been established. Use higher dosages carefully in cats due to the potential risk of retinal toxicity.
약물 상호작용
Cations (Mg++, Al+++, Ca++) bind to orbifloxacin and prevent its absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
Unpredictable synergism may occur against some bacteria (particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
May exacerbate nephrotoxicity and reduce the metabolism of systemic cyclosporine.
May increase the AUC and elimination half-life of fluoroquinolones.
Severe hypoglycemia is possible.
Decreased orbifloxacin absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
Increased methotrexate levels possible, resulting in toxicity.
May antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use is not recommended.
May alter phenytoin levels.
Blocks tubular secretion, potentially increasing blood levels and half-life of orbifloxacin.
May inhibit absorption of orbifloxacin; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
May increase theophylline blood levels.
Potential for increased warfarin effects.
Binds fluoroquinolones, preventing GI absorption
Inhibits absorption; separate dosing by at least 2 hours
May reduce the clearance of fluoroquinolones
Decreased metabolism and increased nephrotoxicity
Decreased metabolism and increased nephrotoxicity
May increase anticoagulant action
Potentiates CNS adverse effects (seizures)
모니터링
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Gastrointestinal signs (appetite, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Vision changes or pupillary dilation in cats
- Neurological signs (seizures) in predisposed patients
약동학
반감기
흡수
Nearly completely absorbed after oral administration in dogs and cats. In horses, oral bioavailability is approximately 70%.
분포
Distributes well into tissues. Volume of distribution (Vd) is 1.5 L/kg in dogs and 1.4 L/kg in cats. Protein binding is low (8% in dogs, 15% in cats, approx. 20% in horses).
대사
Approximately 50% of the drug is excreted unchanged.
배설
Eliminated primarily via the kidneys. Urine levels remain well above MICs for susceptible organisms for at least 24 hours after dosing.
과다투여
In dogs, receiving up to 5X the maximum dose (37.5 mg/kg) for 30 days did not result in any significant adverse effects. In cats, receiving higher dosages exhibited soft feces and decreased body weight gains.
제품
제형
- Oral tablets
- 30 mg/ml oral suspension
- 8.5 mg/ml otic drops (combined with mometasone and posaconazole)
동물용의약품
- Orbifloxacin Oral Tablets: 5.7 mg, 22.7 mg, 68 mg (Orbax)
- Orbifloxacin Oral Suspension: 30 mg/mL (Orbax Suspension)
- Orbax 30 mg/ml oral suspension
- Posatex otic drops
규제 현황
POM-V
POM-V
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Tablets should be stored between 2-30°C (36-86°F) and protected from excessive moisture. Oral suspension should be stored between 2-25°C (36-77°F); it does not require refrigeration. Store upright and shake well before use. Compounded mixtures with calcium or magnesium (e.g., Lixotinic) show significant inactivation within 4 days.
보호자 정보
- 투여 방법: 수의사의 지시에 따라 정확하게 투여하십시오. 반려동물의 상태가 호전된 것처럼 보이더라도 항생제 내성 감염을 예방하기 위해 임의로 투약을 중단하지 마십시오.
- 음식 상호작용: 이 약을 유제품(치즈나 우유 등), 제산제 또는 칼슘, 철분, 아연이 포함된 영양제와 함께 먹이지 마십시오. 약물 흡수를 방해할 수 있습니다. 최소 2시간의 간격을 두고 투여하십시오.
- 부작용: 가장 흔한 부작용은 구토, 설사 또는 식욕 부진입니다. 증상이 심해지면 수의사에게 연락하십시오.
고양이 보호자를 위한 중요 참고 사항: 드물게 이 계열의 약물은 고양이에게 시력 문제를 일으킬 수 있습니다. 고양이의 동공이 비정상적으로 커지거나 앞을 잘 보지 못하는 것 같으면 즉시 투약을 중단하고 수의사에게 연락하십시오.
VetSheet 의약품 참고자료는 수의사 전문가의 임상 의사결정 지원을 위한 것이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 약물 정보를 대체할 수 없습니다.