옥시모르폰

Oxymorphone

Oxymorphone HCl

오피오이드 작용제IVIMSCEpiduralRectalPO개고양이소형 포유류페렛말돼지

다른 이름: Numorphan · Opana · 7,8-Dihydro-14hydroxymorphinone hydrochloride · oximorphone hydrochloride

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

Up to 0.2 mg/kg IM or IV ; initially a maximum of 5 mg total doseIM/IV· Once

체중— 🐕

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

개

적응증	용량	경로	빈도	기간	지역
For sedation for minor procedures	Up to 0.2 mg/kg IM or IV ; initially a maximum of 5 mg total dose	IM/IV	Once	—	🌎 NA
For sedation for minor procedures	0.05-0.1 mg/kg IV or 0.1-0.2 mg/kg IM, SC	IV/IM/SC	Once	—	🌎 NA
For analgesia (acute pain)	0.1-0.2 mg/kg IM, IV, or SC	IM/IV/SC	q1-3h	—	🌎 NA
For analgesia (acute pain) in animals with cardiovascular disease	0.05-0.1 mg/kg IV, IM or SC	IV/IM/SC	q2-4h	—	🌎 NA
Epidural administration	0.05 mg/kg	Epidural	Once	—	🌎 NA
For acute pain	0.1-0.2 mg/kg IM or SC	IM/SC	q3-4h	—	🌎 NA
For analgesia	0.05-0.4 mg/kg IV, IM, or SC	IV/IM/SC	q2-4h	—	🌎 NA
For premedication to anesthesia in healthy dogs	0.05-0.1 mg/kg IM, IV ; 0.2 mg/kg for extra heavy sedation	IM/IV	Once	—	🌎 NA

For sedation for minor procedures: Combine with acepromazine 0.05-0.1 mg/kg IM or IV
Epidural administration: Recommend to dilute with sterile saline to a volume not to exceed 0.3 mL/kg to a maximum of 6 mL. Use of preservative-free opioids is best.
For premedication to anesthesia in healthy dogs: Maximum initial dose: 5 mg.

고양이

적응증	용량	경로	빈도	기간	지역
As a preanesthetic/analgesic	0.05-0.1 mg/kg IM	IM	Once	—	🌎 NA
As an analgesic (acute pain)	0.05-0.1 mg/kg IM, SC or IV	IM/SC/IV	q1-3h	—	🌎 NA
As an analgesic (acute pain) for animals with cardiovascular disease	0.05-0.1 mg/kg IV, IM or SC	IV/IM/SC	q2-4h	—	🌎 NA
As an analgesic (acute pain)	0.025-0.1 mg/kg IV (IM or SC)	IV/IM/SC	q2-6h	—	🌎 NA
As an analgesic (acute pain)	0.02-0.1 mg/kg IV, IM, or SC	IV/IM/SC	q3-4h	—	🌎 NA

As a preanesthetic/analgesic: may cause dysphoria or excitement, add sedative.
As an analgesic (acute pain): concomitant tranquilization recommended

소형 포유류

적응증	용량	경로	빈도	기간	지역
Analgesia	0.2 mg/kg IM	IM	q2-4h	—	🌎 NA
Anesthetic/analgesic for minor surgical procedures	0.15 mg/kg IM	IM	Once	—	🌎 NA
Analgesia	0.2-0.5 mg/kg SC, IM	SC/IM	q6-12h	—	🌎 NA
Analgesia	0.05-0.2 mg/kg SQ (or IM for rabbits only)	SQ/IM	q8-12 hrs	—	🌎 NA

Analgesia: Rabbits
Anesthetic/analgesic for minor surgical procedures: for a hamster-sized animal
Analgesia: Hamsters, Gerbils, Mice, Rats, Guinea pigs
Analgesia: Rabbits, Rats, Mice, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Chinchillas

페렛

적응증	용량	경로	빈도	기간	지역
Analgesia	0.05-0.2 mg/kg IV or IM	IV/IM	2-4 times daily	—	🌎 NA
Analgesia	0.05-0.2 mg/kg SQ or IM	SQ/IM	q8-12 hrs	—	🌎 NA

말

적응증	용량	경로	빈도	기간	지역
As an analgesic	0.01-0.02 mg/kg IV	IV	Once	—	🌎 NA
As an analgesic	0.01-0.022 mg/kg IV ; up to 15 mg total	IV	Once	—	🌎 NA
As an analgesic	0.02-0.03 mg/kg IM	IM	Once	—	🌎 NA
As an analgesic	0.015-0.03 mg/kg IV	IV	Once	—	🌎 NA
Anesthetic induction in severely compromised horses	0.01-0.022 mg/kg IV	IV	Once	—	🌎 NA

As an analgesic: divide dose into 3-4 increments and give several minutes apart
Anesthetic induction in severely compromised horses: after approx. 45 minutes, may be necessary to 'top off' with another 1/3 of the original dose

돼지

적응증	용량	경로	빈도	기간	지역
To increase analgesia when used with ketamine/xylazine	0.075 mg/kg IV	IV	Once	—	🌎 NA

To increase analgesia when used with ketamine/xylazine: duration of anesthesia and recumbency: 20-30 minutes

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개요

옥시모르폰은 강력한 반합성 오피오이드 작용제로, 수의학에서 주로 진정/보정제, 진통제 및 마취 전 투약으로 사용됩니다.

효력: 무게 기준으로 모르핀보다 약 10배 더 강력합니다。
심혈관계 효과: 심혈관계에 미치는 영향은 일반적으로 임상적으로 유의하지 않아 심혈관 질환 환자에게 비교적 안전한 선택입니다。
히스타민 방출: 모르핀이나 메페리딘과 달리 정맥 투여 시 유의미한 히스타민 방출을 일으키지 않는 것으로 보입니다。
임상 요점: 남용 가능성이 높아 스케줄 II(C-II) 통제 물질로 분류됩니다. 중등도에서 중증 통증에 매우 효과적이지만, 수의 임상에서는 접근성과 비용이 제한 요소가 될 수 있습니다。

작용 기전

Oxymorphone acts primarily as a full agonist at mu (μ) opioid receptors, with some possible activity at delta (δ) receptors.

Pathway: Binds to G-protein coupled mu-opioid receptors in the CNS (limbic system, spinal cord, thalamus, midbrain) and peripheral tissues (GI tract, urinary tract) → inhibits adenylate cyclase → decreases intracellular cAMP → promotes opening of potassium channels and inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels → hyperpolarizes nociceptive neurons and inhibits the release of pain neurotransmitters (e.g., Substance P).
Effects: This results in profound analgesia, sedation, respiratory depression, and altered GI motility.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

Hypersensitivity to narcotic analgesics
Patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Diarrhea caused by a toxic ingestion (until toxin is eliminated)
Scorpion stings (Centruroides sculpturatus and C. gertschi)

부작용

Respiratory depression
Bradycardia
Decreased GI motility (constipation)
Panting (commonly seen in dogs)
Ataxia, hyperesthesia, and behavioral changes (cats at high dosages)
CNS excitement (horses)

주의

Extreme Caution: Use with extreme caution in patients with head injuries, increased intracranial pressure, acute abdominal conditions (e.g., colic, as it may obscure diagnosis), respiratory disease, or acute respiratory dysfunction.

Caution: Use cautiously in patients with hypothyroidism, severe renal insufficiency, adrenocortical insufficiency, preexisting bradyarrhythmias, and in geriatric or severely debilitated patients.
Species Specifics: In cats, high dosages can produce bizarre behavioral changes; concomitant use of a tranquilizer is recommended. In horses, opiates can mask behavioral and cardiovascular signs of mild colic.

약물 상호작용

Butorphanol, Buprenorphine, Nalbuphine

Potentially could antagonize opiate effects

CNS Depressants

Additive CNS effects possible

Diuretics

Opiates may decrease efficacy in CHF patients

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Extreme caution; may cause signs of opiate overdose

Muscle Relaxants, Skeletal

Oxymorphone may enhance effects

Phenothiazines

May antagonize analgesic effects and increase risk for hypotension

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Oxymorphone may exacerbate the effects of tricyclic antidepressants

Warfarin

Opiates may potentiate anticoagulant activity

모니터링

Respiratory rate/depth
CNS level of depression/excitation
Blood pressure (especially with IV use)
Analgesic activity
Cardiac rate

약동학

반감기

고양이Prolonged due to deficient glucuronidation

흡수

Absorbed when given by IV, IM, SC, and rectal routes. Oral bioavailability is reduced due to a high first-pass effect. Analgesic efficacy usually occurs within 3-5 minutes after IV administration, and about 15 minutes after IM administration.

분포

Concentrates in the kidney, liver, and lungs; lower levels are found in the CNS. Crosses the placenta and is distributed into maternal milk.

대사

Metabolized in the liver primarily by glucuronidation. Cats are deficient in this metabolic pathway, leading to prolonged half-lives.

배설

The kidneys excrete the glucuronidated metabolite.

과다투여

Massive overdoses may produce profound respiratory and/or CNS depression in most species. Other effects may include cardiovascular collapse, hypothermia, and skeletal muscle hypotonia.

Antidote: Naloxone is the agent of choice in treating respiratory depression.
Management: In massive overdoses, naloxone doses may need to be repeated. Animals should be closely observed as naloxone's effects sometimes diminish before sub-toxic levels of oxymorphone are attained. Mechanical respiratory support should be considered in cases of severe respiratory depression.

제품

제형

Injection
Extended-Release Oral Tablets
Suppositories

인용의약품

Oxymorphone HCl Oral Tablets: 5 mg & 10 mg; Opana®
Oxymorphone HCl Extended-Release Oral Tablets: 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg & 40 mg; Opana® ER
Oxymorphone HCl for Injection: 1 mg/mL in 1 mL amps; Opana®

규제 현황

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보관·안정성

The injection should be stored protected from light and at room temperature (15-30°C); avoid freezing. Commercially available suppositories should be stored at temperatures between 2-15°C.

보호자 정보

주사로 투여할 경우 입원 환경이나 전문가의 직접적인 감독 하에 사용해야 합니다。
안전 경고: 이것은 강력한 오피오이드이자 통제 물질입니다. 가정용으로 처방된 경우, 어린이와 다른 반려동물의 손이 닿지 않는 곳에 엄격히 보관하십시오。

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