페니실린 G

동물 종별 용량

투여 경로

금기

• Known hypersensitivity to penicillins or cephalosporins
• Intravenous administration of Procaine or Benzathine suspension formulations
• Oral administration in horses and hindgut fermenters (rabbits, guinea pigs) due to risk of fatal dysbiosis (unless specifically indicated, e.g., calves with clostridial enteritis)

이상반응

• Hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis, urticaria, rash)
• Gastrointestinal upset (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea) with oral use
• Procaine toxicity (CNS excitement, seizures) in small birds and horses if inadvertently given IV
• Pain or tissue reaction at IM injection sites

약물 상호작용

• Bacteriostatic Antibiotics (e.g., Tetracyclines, Macrolides) · May antagonize the bactericidal activity of penicillins, which require actively dividing cells to be effective.
• Aminoglycosides (e.g., Amikacin, Gentamicin) · In vivo synergy against certain bacteria; however, physically incompatible if mixed in the same syringe or IV line (inactivation of the aminoglycoside).
• Probenecid · Competitively inhibits renal tubular secretion of penicillins, significantly prolonging their half-life and increasing serum concentrations.

모니터링

• Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection signs)
• Signs of toxicity or hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis, rash)
• Electrolytes (if using high doses of Na or K salts IV)

과용량

Because penicillins usually have minimal toxicity associated with their use, monitoring for efficacy is usually all that is required unless toxic signs develop. > **Clinical Pearl:** Massive overdoses, particularly of aqueous salts given rapidly IV, can lead to neuromuscular hypersensitivity, seizures, or electrolyte imbalances (hyperkalemia with potassium salt, hypernatremia with sodium salt). Treatment is supportive.