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페녹시벤자민

Phenoxybenzamine

Phenoxybenzamine HCl

알파-아드레날린 수용체 차단제POIV개고양이말

다른 이름: Dibenzyline · Dibenyline · SKF-688A · Dibenzyran · Fenoxene · Phenoxybenzaminum

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

0.25 mg/kgPO· q12-24h
— 🐕

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

개

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Functional urethral obstruction0.25 mg/kgPOq12-24h—🌎 NA
Functional urethral obstruction0.25 mg/kgPOq12h—🌎 NA
Functional urethral obstruction0.25-0.5 mg/kgPOonce or twice daily—🌎 NA
Functional urethral obstruction5-15 mg (total dose)POq12h—🌎 NA
Hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma (pre-surgical)Initially 0.5 mg/kg, gradually increase every few days until clinical signs of hypotension, adverse reactions, or max dosage of 2.5 mg/kg is attainedPOtwice daily1-2 weeks prior to surgery🌎 NA
Hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma (medical management)Initial dose 0.25 mg/kg, gradually increase every few days until signs of hypotension, adverse reaction, or max dosage of 2.5 mg/kg is attainedPOtwice dailyLong-term🌎 NA
Adjunctive treatment of endotoxicosis0.25-0.5 mg/kgPOq6h—🌎 NA
  • Functional urethral obstruction: Alternative dose: 2.5-20 mg (total dose) PO q12-24h
  • Hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma (pre-surgical): Continue until the time of surgery. Close perioperative monitoring is critical.
  • Hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma (medical management): Beta-blockers may be added for severe tachycardia, but NEVER without prior alpha-blockade to avoid severe hypertension.
  • Adjunctive treatment of endotoxicosis: Use with appropriate antimicrobials, steroids, and supportive care.

고양이

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Functional urethral obstruction2.5-7.5 mg/catPOonce to twice daily—🌎 NA
Functional urethral obstruction1.25-7.5 mg (total dose)POq12-24h—🌎 NA
Functional urethral obstruction2.5-10 mg (total dose)POq24h—🌎 NA
Short-term treatment of hypertension0.5 mg/kgPOq12h—🌎 NA
Short-term treatment of hypertension2.5 mg (total dose) increasing by 2.5 mg up to a maximum of 10 mg (total dose)POq12h—🌎 NA
Short-term treatment of hypertension2.5-7.5 mg per catPOq8-12h—🌎 NA

말

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Decrease urethral sphincter tone in bladder paresis0.7 mg/kgPO4 times a day—🌎 NA
Adjunctive treatment of laminitis (developmental phase)1 mg/kgIVq12hfor 2 doses🌎 NA
Treatment of profuse, watery diarrhea200-600 mg—q12h—🌎 NA
  • Decrease urethral sphincter tone in bladder paresis: Used in combination with bethanechol at 0.25-0.75 mg/kg PO 2-4 times a day.

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

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개요

페녹시벤자민은 지속성, 비경쟁적 ​알파-아드레날린 수용체 길항제​입니다.

수의학에서는 주로 다음과 같은 목적으로 사용됩니다:

  • ​소동물​: 기능적 요도 폐쇄 또는 배뇨근 무반사를 치료하기 위해 내부 요도 괄약근의 긴장도를 낮춥니다. 또한 ​갈색세포종​ 환자에서 종양 수술 중 발생할 수 있는 치명적인 고혈압 위기를 예방하기 위한 필수적인 수술 전 투여 약물입니다.
  • ​말​: 초기 제엽염, 분비성 설사 및 방광 부전마비 관리를 포함한 특수 용도로 사용됩니다.

​임상 요점​: 페녹시벤자민은 수용체와 비가역적으로 결합하기 때문에 그 효과가 오래 지속되며, 새로운 수용체가 합성되어야만 효과가 반전될 수 있습니다. 이 과정은 며칠이 소요됩니다.

작용 기전

Phenoxybenzamine covalently and irreversibly binds to alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors → non-competitive blockade of circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine → profound vasodilation and relaxation of smooth muscle.

  • Urinary Tract: Blockade of alpha receptors in the trigone and internal urethral sphincter → decreased urethral resistance → facilitation of bladder emptying.
  • Cardiovascular: Blockade of vascular alpha receptors → decreased peripheral vascular resistance → lowered blood pressure (often causing reflex tachycardia).

Because the binding is irreversible, the effect is often described as a 'chemical sympathectomy'. It has no effect on beta-adrenergic or parasympathetic receptors.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

  • Conditions where hypotension is undesirable (e.g., shock, unless fluid replacement is adequate)
  • Horses with clinical signs of colic
  • Glaucoma (relative contraindication)
  • Diabetes mellitus (relative contraindication)

부작용

  • Hypotension (postural/orthostatic)
  • Hypertension (rebound)
  • Miosis
  • Increased intraocular pressure
  • Tachycardia (reflex)
  • Sodium retention
  • Inhibition of ejaculation
  • Nasal congestion
  • Weakness or dizziness
  • Gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting)
  • Constipation (specifically noted in horses)

주의

Use with extreme caution in patients with ​congestive heart failure (CHF)​ or other heart disease, as drug-induced tachycardia can occur. Use cautiously in patients with renal damage or cerebral/coronary arteriosclerosis.

Pregnancy: FDA Category C. Animal studies (guinea pigs) have shown abnormalities in the closure of the patent ductus. Use only if benefits outweigh risks.

약물 상호작용

Epinephrine

Epinephrine reversal: If used with drugs that have both alpha- and beta-adrenergic effects, increased hypotension, vasodilation, or tachycardia may result due to unopposed beta effects.

Phenylephrine

Phenoxybenzamine will antagonize the effects of alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic agents.

Reserpine

Phenoxybenzamine can antagonize the hypothermic effects of reserpine.

Beta-blockersMajor

Increased risk of first dose hypotensive effect; if used for phaeochromocytoma, beta-blockers must only be started after alpha blockade is in place to avoid hypertensive crisis.

DiureticsModerate

Increased risk of first dose hypotensive effect.

Alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetics (e.g., phenylephrine)Major

Phenoxybenzamine will antagonize the effects of these agents.

모니터링

  • Clinical efficacy (e.g., adequate urination, ease of voiding)
  • Blood pressure (monitor for hypotension)
  • Heart rate (monitor for reflex tachycardia)
  • Heart rate and rhythm
  • Urine output and ease of urination

약동학

흡수

Variably absorbed from the GI tract, with a bioavailability of 20-30% in humans. Onset of action is slow (several hours) and increases over several days after regular dosing. Effects persist for 3-4 days after discontinuation.

분포

Highly lipid soluble and may accumulate in body fat. Unknown if it crosses the placenta or enters milk.

대사

Metabolized (dealkylated) in the liver.

배설

Excreted in both the urine and bile.

과다투여

Overdosage may yield signs of postural hypotension (dizziness, syncope), tachycardia, vomiting, lethargy, or shock.

Treatment:

  • Empty the gut if ingestion was recent and there are no contraindications.
  • Treat hypotension with aggressive intravenous fluid support.
  • DO NOT USE EPINEPHRINE (causes paradoxical further drop in blood pressure due to unopposed beta-adrenergic vasodilation).
  • Most standard vasopressors are ineffective due to the alpha-blockade. Intravenous norepinephrine (levarterenol) may be beneficial if clinical signs are severe.

제품

제형

  • Capsules
  • 10 mg oral capsule
  • 50 mg/ml injectable solution

인용의약품

  • Phenoxybenzamine HCl Capsules: 10 mg (Dibenzyline)
  • Dibenyline 10 mg capsules
  • Phenoxybenzamine 50 mg/ml solution

규제 현황

European Union✓ 승인됨처방전의약품EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM (Prescription Only Medicine)

United Kingdom✓ 승인됨처방전의약품VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM (Prescription Only Medicine)

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Capsules should be stored at room temperature in well-closed containers.

보호자 정보

페녹시벤자민은 요도의 근육을 이완시켜 반려동물이 더 쉽게 배뇨할 수 있도록 돕거나, 특정 부신 종양과 관련된 고혈압을 관리하기 위해 처방됩니다.

  • ​인내심이 필요합니다​: 반려동물의 배뇨에 대한 완전한 효과를 보려면 1주일 이상 걸릴 수 있습니다. 수의사의 지시가 없는 한 약물 투여를 일찍 중단하지 마십시오.
  • ​음식과 함께 투여​: 이 약을 식사와 함께 투여하면 위장 장애(메스꺼움 또는 구토)를 줄이는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.
  • ​저혈압 주의​: 이 약은 혈관을 이완시키기 때문에 혈압을 떨어뜨릴 수 있습니다. 반려동물이 기운이 없거나, 어지러워하거나, 일어선 후 쓰러지는 경우 즉시 수의사에게 연락하십시오.
  • ​투여를 잊은 경우​: 투여를 잊은 경우 생각나는 즉시 투여하되, 절대 한 번에 두 배 용량을 투여하지 마십시오.

VetSheet 의약품 참고자료는 수의사 전문가의 임상 의사결정 지원을 위한 것이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 약물 정보를 대체할 수 없습니다.