피페라진

항기생충약 - 구충제

피페라진은 주로 개, 고양이, 말, 돼지 및 가금류의 **회충** 감염 치료에 사용되는 협대역 구충제입니다. * 위장염이 있거나 임신 중인 동물에게도 안전하게 사용할 수 있는 것으로 간주됩니다. * **임상 팁**: 피페라진은 성충 회충에만 효과가 있고 구충, 편충 또는 촌충에는 효과가 없기 때문에, 피란텔, 펜벤다졸 및 대형환형 락톤과 같은 새로운 광범위 구충제의 등장으로 현대 수의학에서는 사용이 크게 감소했습니다. * 다양한 염 형태(시트르산염, 아디프산염, 인산염, 육수화물, 이염산염)로 제공되며, 각각 활성 피페라진 염기의 함량이 다릅니다.

작용 기전: Piperazine exerts a **'curare-like' effect** on susceptible nematodes. * It acts as a **GABA receptor agonist** and blocks **acetylcholine** at the myoneural junction of the parasite. * This causes **flaccid paralysis** (narcotizing the worm), allowing the live, paralyzed worms to be passed out of the host's gastrointestinal tract with the feces. * In ascarids, it also inhibits succinic acid production.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Treatment of ascarids · 45-65 mg of base/kg PO; 150 mg maximum · PO · once · Retreat in 2-3 weeks · Larval stages in tissues are not affected, necessitating retreatment
Treatment of ascarids · 110 mg/kg PO · PO · once · Repeat in 21 days
Treatment of ascarids · 100 mg/kg PO · PO · once · Repeat in 3 weeks
Treatment of ascarids · 20-30 mg/kg PO once · PO · once

Horses

Treatment of ascarids · 110 mg/kg (base) PO · PO · once · Repeat in 3-4 weeks · Retreating at 10-week intervals for P. equorum infections in young animals is recommended
Treatment of ascarids · 200 mg/kg, PO · PO · once · Maximum of 80 grams in adults, 60 grams in yearlings, and 30 grams in foals

Birds

Ascarids in poultry · 100-500 mg/kg PO once · PO · once · Repeat in 10-14 days · Not effective in psittacines
Nematodes in raptors · 100 mg/kg · PO · once · Piperazine citrate
Nematodes in parakeets and canaries · 0.5 mg/gram · PO · once · Piperazine citrate
Ascaridia galli in poultry · 32 mg/kg (as base) (approximately 0.3 grams for each adult) · PO · once · Given in each of 2 successive feedings or for 2 days in drinking water · Citrate or adipate salts usually used in feed; hexahydrate in drinking water

Swine

Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum · 0.2-0.4% in the feed, or 0.1-0.2% in the drinking water · PO · once · Consume within 12 hours · Fasting or withholding water overnight may be beneficial. Retreat in 2 months. Safe in young animals and pregnancy.
Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum · 110 mg/kg (as base) · PO · once · Consume in 8-12 hours · Citrate salt usually used in feed as a one-day treatment, and hexahydrate in drinking water.

SmallMammals

Pinworms (Mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils, and rabbits) · Piperazine citrate in drinking water at 3 grams/liter · PO · continuous · 2 weeks
Pinworms (Rabbits) · 100 mg/kg PO q24h · PO · q24h · 2 days · Piperazine citrate. Wash the perianal area.
Pinworms (Rabbits) · Adults: 200-500 mg/kg PO q24h. Young rabbits: 750 mg/kg, PO once daily · PO · q24h · 2 days · Piperazine adipate. Wash the perianal area.
Pinworms/tapeworms (Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas) · 2-5 mg/mL drinking water · PO · continuous · 7 days, off 7 days and repeat · Piperazine citrate

Dogs

Treatment of ascarids · 45-65 mg of base/kg PO; for pups less than 2.5 kg: 150 mg maximum · PO · once · Retreat in 2-3 weeks · Larval stages in tissues are not affected, necessitating retreatment
Treatment of ascarids · 110 mg/kg PO · PO · once · Repeat in 21 days
Treatment of ascarids · 100 mg/kg PO · PO · once · Repeat in 3 weeks
Treatment of ascarids · 20-30 mg/kg PO once · PO · once

Reptiles

Nematodes · 40-60 mg/kg PO · PO · once · Repeat in two weeks · Follow with a fecal examination 14 days after the second dose. If positive, give a third dose and continue cycle until cleared.

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

금기

Chronic liver disease
Chronic kidney disease
Gastrointestinal hypomotility
Chronic renal failure
Hepatic impairment
Heavy worm burdens (relative contraindication due to risk of intestinal impaction)

이상반응

Diarrhea
Emesis
Ataxia
Transient softening of feces (horses)
Neurological signs at high doses (ataxia, tremors)

약물 상호작용

Chlorpromazine · May precipitate seizures if used concomitantly (data conflicts, but caution is advised) · moderate
Laxatives (Purgatives) · Not recommended; may eliminate piperazine from the GI tract before its full efficacy is established
Pyrantel / Morantel · Antagonistic modes of action (pyrantel causes spastic paralysis, piperazine causes flaccid paralysis); should not be used together
Pyrantel · Antagonistic mechanism of action (Pyrantel causes spastic paralysis, Piperazine causes flaccid paralysis) · major
Morantel · Antagonistic mechanism of action · major

모니터링

Clinical and/or laboratory efficacy (fecal examinations)
Adverse effects (neurological signs, GI upset)
Fecal flotation (to confirm clearance of roundworms)
Adverse neurological signs

과용량

Piperazine generally has a wide margin of safety (oral LD50 of piperazine adipate in mice is 11.4 g/kg). However, acute massive overdosage can lead to **paralysis and death**. **Feline Toxicity:** In cats, adverse effects occur within 24 hours after a toxic dose is ingested. Clinical signs include: * Emesis, hypersalivation, dehydration * Weakness, dyspnea, depression * Muscular fasciculations of ears, whiskers, tail, and eyes * Rear limb ataxia, head-pressing * Positional nystagmus and slowed pupillary responses *(Many of these effects may also be seen in dogs after toxic ingestions.)* **Treatment:** * Symptomatic and supportive care. * If ingestion was recent, use of **activated charcoal** and a cathartic is suggested. * Intravenous fluid therapy. * Keep the animal in a quiet, dark place. * Recovery generally takes place within 3-4 days.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.