포나주릴

항원충제 (트리아진계)

포나주릴(Ponazuril)은 주로 *Sarcocystis neurona*에 의해 유발되는 말 원충성 척수뇌염(EPM) 치료를 위해 FDA 승인을 받은 트리아진계 항원충제입니다. **임상 요점:** - 톨트라주릴(toltrazuril)의 활성 대사산물입니다. - 말용으로 승인되었으나, 효능이 좋고 비교적 안전하여 개, 고양이, 특수 동물 및 반추동물의 콕시듐증, 네오스포라증, 톡소플라스마증 치료에 오프라벨로 점점 더 많이 사용되고 있습니다. - 혈액뇌장벽(BBB)을 통과하므로 중추신경계 원충 감염에 효과적입니다.

작용 기전: Ponazuril targets the **apicoplast** (plastid body), an essential organelle found specifically in members of the Apicomplexa phylum (which includes *Sarcocystis*, *Toxoplasma*, *Neospora*, and *Eimeria*). Inhibition of the apicoplast → Disruption of the organism's ability to synthesize essential fatty acids and amino acids → **Protozoal death** (cidal activity).

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Neosporosis or Toxoplasmosis · 7.5-15 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 28 days · Dose extrapolated between doses for horses and mice.
Coccidiosis · 20 mg/kg PO daily · PO · q24h · 3 days · Must be compounded for administration in kittens or cats. Associated with rapid resolution of diarrhea.

Horses

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) · 5 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 28 days · See package insert for specific dosing instructions.

Birds

Cryptosporidium respiratory disease (Falcons) · 20 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 7 days · Given as a compounded suspension.

SmallMammals

Adjunctive treatment of Eimeria species (Rabbits) · 20 mg/kg PO q24h · PO · q24h · 7 days
Eimeria macusaniensis (Camelids/Crias) · 20 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 3 days · Dilute paste to 100 mg/mL before administration (e.g., 40g paste + distilled water to 60g total).

Dogs

Neosporosis or Toxoplasmosis · 7.5-15 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 28 days · Dose extrapolated between doses for horses and mice.
Coccidiosis · 15-30 mg/kg PO once or repeated after 7-10 days · PO · once or repeated after 7-10 days · 1-2 doses · Anecdotal

Reptiles

Coccidians (Bearded dragons) · 30 mg/kg PO twice 48 hours apart · PO · q48h · 2 doses

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

금기

No absolute contraindications noted, but other causes of ataxia should be ruled out before treating for EPM.

이상반응

Blisters on nose and mouth
Rash or hives
Diarrhea or loose feces
Mild colic
Seizures (rare)
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs (especially predisposed breeds or at high doses)

모니터링

Clinical efficacy and resolution of neurological or gastrointestinal signs
Tear production (Schirmer Tear Test) in dogs, especially predisposed breeds

과용량

In horses, daily doses of up to 30 mg/kg (6X the normal dose) primarily caused loose feces. Moderate edema of the uterine epithelium was noted on histopathology for female horses receiving the 6X dose. In dogs, overdose quantities have been associated with the development of Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS).

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.