ํฌ๋์ฃผ๋ฆด
ํฌ๋์ฃผ๋ฆด(Ponazuril)์ ์ฃผ๋ก *Sarcocystis neurona*์ ์ํด ์ ๋ฐ๋๋ ๋ง ์์ถฉ์ฑ ์ฒ์๋์ผ(EPM) ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ํด FDA ์น์ธ์ ๋ฐ์ ํธ๋ฆฌ์์ง๊ณ ํญ์์ถฉ์ ์ ๋๋ค. **์์ ์์ :** - ํจํธ๋ผ์ฃผ๋ฆด(toltrazuril)์ ํ์ฑ ๋์ฌ์ฐ๋ฌผ์ ๋๋ค. - ๋ง์ฉ์ผ๋ก ์น์ธ๋์์ผ๋, ํจ๋ฅ์ด ์ข๊ณ ๋น๊ต์ ์์ ํ์ฌ ๊ฐ, ๊ณ ์์ด, ํน์ ๋๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ถ๋๋ฌผ์ ์ฝ์๋์ฆ, ๋ค์ค์คํฌ๋ผ์ฆ, ํก์ํ๋ผ์ค๋ง์ฆ ์น๋ฃ์ ์คํ๋ผ๋ฒจ๋ก ์ ์ ๋ ๋ง์ด ์ฌ์ฉ๋๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. - ํ์ก๋์ฅ๋ฒฝ(BBB)์ ํต๊ณผํ๋ฏ๋ก ์ค์ถ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์์ถฉ ๊ฐ์ผ์ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋๋ค.
์์ฉ ๊ธฐ์ : Ponazuril targets the **apicoplast** (plastid body), an essential organelle found specifically in members of the Apicomplexa phylum (which includes *Sarcocystis*, *Toxoplasma*, *Neospora*, and *Eimeria*). Inhibition of the apicoplast โ Disruption of the organism's ability to synthesize essential fatty acids and amino acids โ **Protozoal death** (cidal activity).
๋๋ฌผ ์ข ๋ณ ์ฉ๋
- Neosporosis or Toxoplasmosis ยท 7.5-15 mg/kg PO once daily ยท PO ยท q24h ยท 28 days ยท Dose extrapolated between doses for horses and mice.
- Coccidiosis ยท 20 mg/kg PO daily ยท PO ยท q24h ยท 3 days ยท Must be compounded for administration in kittens or cats. Associated with rapid resolution of diarrhea.
- Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) ยท 5 mg/kg PO once daily ยท PO ยท q24h ยท 28 days ยท See package insert for specific dosing instructions.
- Cryptosporidium respiratory disease (Falcons) ยท 20 mg/kg PO once daily ยท PO ยท q24h ยท 7 days ยท Given as a compounded suspension.
- Adjunctive treatment of Eimeria species (Rabbits) ยท 20 mg/kg PO q24h ยท PO ยท q24h ยท 7 days
- Eimeria macusaniensis (Camelids/Crias) ยท 20 mg/kg PO once daily ยท PO ยท q24h ยท 3 days ยท Dilute paste to 100 mg/mL before administration (e.g., 40g paste + distilled water to 60g total).
- Neosporosis or Toxoplasmosis ยท 7.5-15 mg/kg PO once daily ยท PO ยท q24h ยท 28 days ยท Dose extrapolated between doses for horses and mice.
- Coccidiosis ยท 15-30 mg/kg PO once or repeated after 7-10 days ยท PO ยท once or repeated after 7-10 days ยท 1-2 doses ยท Anecdotal
- Coccidians (Bearded dragons) ยท 30 mg/kg PO twice 48 hours apart ยท PO ยท q48h ยท 2 doses
์ฉ๋์ ๋ฉดํ ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์์ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์๋ฃ์ ๋๋ค. ํญ์ ์ต์ ๋ผ๋ฒจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ณ ํ์์ ๋ํด ํ์ธํ์ญ์์ค.
ํฌ์ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ก
๊ธ๊ธฐ
- No absolute contraindications noted, but other causes of ataxia should be ruled out before treating for EPM.
์ด์๋ฐ์
- Blisters on nose and mouth
- Rash or hives
- Diarrhea or loose feces
- Mild colic
- Seizures (rare)
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs (especially predisposed breeds or at high doses)
๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง
- Clinical efficacy and resolution of neurological or gastrointestinal signs
- Tear production (Schirmer Tear Test) in dogs, especially predisposed breeds
๊ณผ์ฉ๋
In horses, daily doses of up to 30 mg/kg (6X the normal dose) primarily caused loose feces. Moderate edema of the uterine epithelium was noted on histopathology for female horses receiving the 6X dose. In dogs, overdose quantities have been associated with the development of Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS).
VetSheet ์ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ ํผ๋ฐ์ค๋ ๋ฉดํ ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์์ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ ๋ฌธ์ ํ๋จ์ด๋ ์ ์กฐ์ฌ์ ์ต์ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์ ๋์ ํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค.