브롬화칼륨

항경련제

**브롬화칼륨 (KBr)** 은 주로 페노바르비탈 단독으로 불충분하거나 금기인 경우, 반려견의 난치성 발작을 조절하기 위한 보조 또는 대체 요법으로 사용되는 항경련제입니다. 반감기가 매우 길어 부하 용량(loading dose)을 사용하지 않으면 안정적인 치료 농도에 도달하는 데 수개월이 걸립니다. > **중대한 경고**: 고양이에게는 중증의 치명적인 호산구성 기관지염을 유발할 위험이 높으므로 절대 금기입니다. **임상 팁:** 표준 실험실 분석기에서는 브롬화물이 염화물로 측정되기 때문에 KBr을 복용하는 환자는 가성 고염소혈증(혈청 염소 수치가 거짓으로 높게 나타남)을 보입니다.

작용 기전: Within the central nervous system, bromide competes with transmembrane **chloride** transport and inhibits **sodium** transport → resulting in membrane hyperpolarization and elevation of the seizure threshold. Bromide also competes with chloride in post-synaptic anion channels following activation by inhibitory neurotransmitters → potentiates the effect of **GABA**. It acts synergistically with other GABA-ergic therapeutic agents (such as phenobarbital).

동물 종별 용량

Dogs

Control of seizures (Maintenance) · 20-40 mg/kg · PO · q24h · Long-term · Initial daily maintenance dose. More frequent dosing is not detrimental but not necessary.
Control of seizures (5-day Loading Dose) · 200 mg/kg/day divided into 4-6 hour doses · PO · Divided q4-6h · 5 days · After 5 days, decrease to maintenance dose (20-40 mg/kg p.o. q24h). If seizures resolve sooner, decrease to maintenance earlier to reduce adverse effects.
Control of seizures (Single Loading Dose) · 600-1000 mg/kg · PO · Single dose · Once · Likely to result in excessive sedation, ataxia, and potentially vomiting.
Control of seizures (Intrarectal Loading) · 100 mg/kg · PR · q4h · 6 doses (over 24 hours) · Total 600 mg/kg over 24 hours. Use liquid bromide (250 mg/ml). Useful if animal is not conscious enough for oral medication.

Cats

Contraindicated · Do not use · PO · N/A · N/A · Causes severe coughing due to eosinophilic bronchitis, which may be fatal.

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

POPR

금기

Cats (causes severe, potentially fatal eosinophilic bronchitis)
Dogs with a history of, or predisposition to, pancreatitis

이상반응

Ataxia
Sedation
Somnolence
Vomiting (especially with high concentration solutions >250 mg/ml)
Polyphagia
Polydipsia
Pancreatitis
Skin reactions (in animals with pre-existing skin diseases)
Behavioural changes (irritability, restlessness)
Transient diarrhoea (with intrarectal loading)

약물 상호작용

Dietary salt (Sodium chloride) · Increased dietary salt increases renal elimination of bromide, decreasing serum bromide concentrations. · major
Chloride-containing IV fluids · Increases bromide excretion and lowers serum bromide levels. · major
Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) · Increases bromide excretion and decreases serum bromide concentrations. · moderate
Phenobarbital · Synergistic GABA-ergic anticonvulsant effects. · minor

모니터링

Serum KBr concentrations (Therapeutic range: 0.8-1.5 mg/ml)
Serum chloride (Note: KBr causes falsely elevated chloride readings on standard chemistry panels)
Renal function (BUN, Creatinine, USG)
Signs of excessive sedation, ataxia, or vomiting
Pancreatic enzymes if clinical signs of pancreatitis develop

과용량

Acute bromide toxicity (bromism) presents with profound sedation, ataxia, somnolence, and potentially vomiting. **Treatment of choice:** Intravenous administration of **0.9% NaCl (normal saline)**. The chloride in the saline competes with bromide for renal reabsorption, rapidly accelerating the renal excretion of bromide.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.