염화칼륨 / 글루콘산칼륨

동물 종별 용량

투여 경로

금기

• Hyperkalemia
• Renal failure or severe renal impairment
• Severe hemolytic reactions
• Untreated Addison's disease (hypoadrenocorticism)
• Acute dehydration
• GI motility impairment (for solid oral dosage forms)

이상반응

• Hyperkalemia (muscle weakness, cardiac conduction disturbances)
• Gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, diarrhea) with oral therapy
• Vein irritation and phlebitis with IV therapy

약물 상호작용

• ACE Inhibitors (e.g., enalapril) · Potassium retention may occur; increased risk for hyperkalemia.
• Digoxin · In patients with severe or complete heart block receiving digitalis therapy, it is often recommended not to use potassium salts.
• NSAIDs · Oral potassium given with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents may increase the risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects.
• Potassium-Sparing Diuretics (e.g., spironolactone) · Potassium retention may occur; increased risk for hyperkalemia.

모니터링

• Serum potassium levels
• Other electrolytes (sodium, chloride, magnesium, calcium)
• Acid/base status
• Blood glucose
• ECG (especially during IV administration)
• CBC
• Urinalysis and renal function parameters

과용량

Fatal hyperkalemia may develop if potassium salts are administered too rapidly IV or if potassium renal excretory mechanisms are impaired. **Clinical Signs of Hyperkalemia:** * Muscular weakness * Gastrointestinal disturbances * Severe cardiac conduction disturbances (bradycardia, atrial standstill, ventricular fibrillation, asystole) **Treatment of Hyperkalemia:** * Immediate discontinuation of the potassium supplement. * Continuous ECG, acid/base, and electrolyte monitoring. * **Medical interventions:** Glucose/insulin infusions (drives K+ into cells), sodium bicarbonate (alkalinization drives K+ into cells), calcium therapy (cardioprotective, antagonizes K+ effects on the heart), and polystyrene sulfonate resin (binds K+ in the GI tract).