프라지콴텔
Praziquantel
Prazinoisoquinoline derivative
다른 이름: Droncit · Drontal Plus · Profender · Quest Plus · Equimax · Zimecterin Gold · Virbantel · Panacur Plus · Biltricide · Milbemax · Broadline · Milpro · EMBAY-8440 · praziquantelum · Bio-Cest · Cercon · Cesol · Cestox · Cisticid · ComboCare · Cysticide · Ehliten · Extiser Q · Mycotricide · Opticide · Praquantel · Prasikon · Prazite · Prozitel · Sincerck · Teniken · Waycital · Zifartel · PZQ
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
감사 완료 v13 용량 근거
구조화 용량 계산 근거Praziquantel as a single agent (extra-label) — Alaria spp
인증된 수의사 확인 필요
대체 일정 — 하나만 선택
- once
- q24h · for 2 to 10 days
NA
반드시 함께 고려할 임상 맥락 (4)
- NOTE: For dosages of other combination products that contain praziquantel, see Emodepside/Praziquantel, Eprinomectin/ Praziquantel, Ivermectin, Lufenuron, Milbemycin Oxime, Moxidectin/Moxidectin Combination Products, and Pyrantel.
- Praziquantel as a single agent (extra-label):
- ■ This medicine can be given with or without food. The tablets may be crushed or mixed with food. Your animal does not need to have food withheld prior to treatment.
- Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, praziquantel tablets should be stored in tight containers at room temperature (25°C Products [77°F]). Protect from light. Praziquantel injection should be stored at or below 25°C (77°F) and not allowed to freeze. Vials of praziquantel injection should be used within 6 months of first vial puncture and discarded after a maximum number of punctures (10 mL vial, 25 times; 50 mL vial, 90 times).
Praziquantel as a single agent (extra-label) — Adjunctive treatment of flukes (Nanophyetus salmincola) associated with Salmon poisoning
인증된 수의사 확인 필요
- once
NA
반드시 함께 고려할 임상 맥락 (4)
- NOTE: For dosages of other combination products that contain praziquantel, see Emodepside/Praziquantel, Eprinomectin/ Praziquantel, Ivermectin, Lufenuron, Milbemycin Oxime, Moxidectin/Moxidectin Combination Products, and Pyrantel.
- Praziquantel as a single agent (extra-label):
- ■ This medicine can be given with or without food. The tablets may be crushed or mixed with food. Your animal does not need to have food withheld prior to treatment.
- Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, praziquantel tablets should be stored in tight containers at room temperature (25°C Products [77°F]). Protect from light. Praziquantel injection should be stored at or below 25°C (77°F) and not allowed to freeze. Vials of praziquantel injection should be used within 6 months of first vial puncture and discarded after a maximum number of punctures (10 mL vial, 25 times; 50 mL vial, 90 times).
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
프라지콴텔은 수의학에서 널리 사용되는 매우 효과적이고 광범위한 항조충 및 항흡충 구충제입니다.
주요 임상적 특징은 다음과 같습니다:
- 광범위한 스펙트럼: 개와 고양이의 주요 조충류(개조충, 태니아속, 에키노코쿠스속 등)에 매우 효과적입니다.
- 흡충에 대한 효능: 다양한 흡충 감염(예: 폐흡충, 간흡충)에 대한 허가 외 치료(오프라벨)로도 사용됩니다.
- 높은 안전성: 일반적으로 매우 안전하지만, 주사제는 일시적인 국소 통증이나 경미한 전신 증상을 유발할 수 있습니다.
- 병용 요법: 포괄적인 내부 기생충 구제를 위해 다른 구충제(피란텔, 페반텔, 이버멕틴 또는 목시덱틴 등)와 자주 병용됩니다.
임상 팁: 프라지콴텔은 기생충의 표피를 파괴하기 때문에 벌레는 보통 숙주에 의해 소화됩니다. 따라서 성공적인 치료 후 대변에서 온전한 촌충이 관찰되는 경우는 드뭅니다.
작용 기전
Praziquantel's exact mechanism is not fully elucidated, but it rapidly penetrates the parasite and alters the permeability of the cell membranes.
- Ion Flux Alteration: Interacts with phospholipids in the parasite's integument → induces rapid intracellular influx of calcium ions (Ca2+), as well as sodium and potassium fluxes.
- Spastic Paralysis: The sudden calcium influx causes severe, sustained contraction and spastic paralysis of the worm's musculature, impairing sucker function and dislodging the parasite.
- Tegumental Destruction: At higher concentrations, it causes irreversible focal vacuolization → subsequent disintegration of the cestodal integument. This exposes the parasite's internal antigens to the host's immune system and renders it susceptible to digestion by host enzymes.
- Trematodes: Directly kills the parasite via similar calcium-mediated focal vacuolization and subsequent phagocytosis.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Puppies less than 4 weeks old (for solo product)
- Kittens less than 6 weeks old (for solo product)
- Known hypersensitivity to praziquantel
- Unweaned puppies or kittens (unlikely to be affected by tapeworms at this age)
- Animals weighing < 1 kg (specifically for spot-on preparations)
부작용
- Oral (uncommon, <5%): Anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, salivation (cats)
- Injectable (dogs): Pain at injection site, vomiting, drowsiness, staggering gait
- Injectable (cats): Diarrhea, weakness, vomiting, salivation, sleepiness, transient anorexia, pain at injection site
- Diarrhoea
- Transient hypersalivation (if spot-on application site is licked)
- Localized tissue sensitivity and pain at injection site (particularly in cats)
주의
Age Restrictions: The manufacturer recommends not using solo praziquantel in puppies < 4 weeks or kittens < 6 weeks. However, some combination products (e.g., with febantel) are FDA-approved for puppies and kittens of all ages. Pregnancy: Considered safe to use in pregnant dogs and cats (Papich Class A). Nursing: Appears in maternal milk at ~25% of maternal serum concentration, but is unlikely to pose harm to nursing offspring.
약물 상호작용
Reportedly synergistic activity occurs in humans in the treatment of schistosomiasis; clinical implications in veterinary patients are unclear.
Can increase the area under the curve (AUC) of orally administered praziquantel by 150-200% in dogs.
Concurrent administration may significantly decrease serum praziquantel concentrations.
May decrease the metabolic clearance of praziquantel, increasing its serum levels.
모니터링
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of parasite infection)
- Fecal examination for tapeworm proglottids or eggs to confirm efficacy of treatment
- Monitoring for resolution of clinical signs (e.g., scooting, visible segments in feces)
약동학
반감기
흡수
Rapidly and nearly completely absorbed after oral administration, but undergoes a significant first-pass effect. Peak serum levels are achieved between 30-120 minutes in dogs.
분포
Distributed widely throughout the body. It crosses the intestinal wall and penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the CNS.
대사
Metabolized extensively in the liver via CYP3A enzymes to metabolites of unknown activity.
배설
Excreted primarily in the urine.
과다투여
Praziquantel has a wide margin of safety.
- Rodents: Oral LD50 is at least 2 g/kg in rats and mice.
- Dogs: An oral LD50 could not be determined because doses >200 mg/kg induce vomiting. In ASPCA APCC reports, dogs exposed to overdoses showed no clinical signs.
- Cats: Parenteral doses of 50-100 mg/kg caused transient ataxia and depression. Injected doses at 200 mg/kg were lethal. In ASPCA APCC reports, a minority of exposed cats showed clinical signs.
Treatment: Overdoses are generally self-limiting (especially oral, due to vomiting). Provide supportive care if severe neurological or gastrointestinal signs occur.
제품
제형
- Chewable tablets
- Injection (solution)
- Oral gel
- Oral paste
- Oral tablets: 10 mg, 20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 125 mg, 144 mg, 150 mg, 175 mg
- Topical spot-on pipettes: 20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg, 75 mg, 96 mg
- Injectable solution (implied by adverse reactions profile)
동물용의약품
- Praziquantel Tablets: 23 mg (feline); 34 mg (canine) (Droncit)
- Praziquantel Injection: 56.8 mg/mL in 10 mL and 50 mL vials (Droncit)
- Combination Tablets: Praziquantel/pyrantel pamoate (Drontal)
- Combination Chewable Tablets: Praziquantel/pyrantel pamoate (Virbantel)
- Combination Chewable Tablets: Fenbendazole/Ivermectin/Praziquantel (Panacur Plus Soft Chews)
- Combination Tablets: Praziquantel/pyrantel pamoate/febantel (Drontal Plus)
- Combination Oral Gel: Moxidectin 20 mg/mL / Praziquantel 125 mg/mL (Quest Plus, ComboCare)
- Combination Oral Paste: Ivermectin 1.87% / Praziquantel 14.03% (Equimax)
- Combination Oral Paste: Ivermectin 1.55% / Praziquantel 7.75% (Zimecterin Gold Paste)
- Drontal (combination)
- Milbemax (combination)
- Profender Spot-on (combination)
- Broadline Spot-on (combination)
- Milpro (combination)
- Cazitel
- Cestem
- Dolpac
- Endoguard
- Veloxa
인용의약품
- Praziquantel Oral Tablets (Film-coated): 600 mg (Biltricide)
- Biltricide 600 mg tablets
규제 현황
Classification varies by formulation and combination (POM-V, NFA-VPS, AVM-GSL).
Available under POM-V, NFA-VPS, and AVM-GSL categories depending on the specific product and combination.
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보관·안정성
Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, praziquantel tablets should be stored in tight containers at room temperature. Protect from light.
보호자 정보
반려동물 보호자를 위한 중요 안내
- 투여 방법: 이 약은 음식과 함께 또는 빈속에 투여할 수 있습니다. 투여 전 금식은 필요하지 않습니다. 먹이기 쉽게 알약을 부수거나 소량의 맛있는 음식에 섞어 주셔도 됩니다.
- 예상되는 결과: 치료 후 반려동물의 대변에서 죽은 벌레가 보이지 않는 것은 지극히 정상입니다. 프라지콴텔은 촌충을 분해시키며, 이후 보통 반려동물의 몸에서 소화됩니다.
- 재감염 예방: 1회 투여만으로도 현재의 감염을 치료하는 데 매우 효과적입니다. 하지만 촌충(특히 개조충)은 벼룩에 의해 전염됩니다. 반려동물이 다시 촌충에 감염되는 것을 막으려면 철저한 벼룩 예방이 필수적입니다. 반려동물이 사냥을 하거나 설치류를 잡아먹는 경우에도 재감염의 위험이 있습니다.
- 부작용: 경구 투여 시 부작용은 드물지만, 간혹 가벼운 구토, 침 흘림(특히 고양이), 무기력증 또는 설사가 발생할 수 있습니다. 주사로 투여받은 경우, 주사 부위에 일시적인 통증을 느낄 수 있습니다.
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