프라지콴텔

항조충 구충제

프라지콴텔은 수의학에서 널리 사용되는 매우 효과적이고 광범위한 **항조충** 및 **항흡충** 구충제입니다. 주요 임상적 특징은 다음과 같습니다: * **광범위한 스펙트럼:** 개와 고양이의 주요 조충류(개조충, 태니아속, 에키노코쿠스속 등)에 매우 효과적입니다. * **흡충에 대한 효능:** 다양한 흡충 감염(예: 폐흡충, 간흡충)에 대한 허가 외 치료(오프라벨)로도 사용됩니다. * **높은 안전성:** 일반적으로 매우 안전하지만, 주사제는 일시적인 국소 통증이나 경미한 전신 증상을 유발할 수 있습니다. * **병용 요법:** 포괄적인 내부 기생충 구제를 위해 다른 구충제(피란텔, 페반텔, 이버멕틴 또는 목시덱틴 등)와 자주 병용됩니다. *임상 팁:* 프라지콴텔은 기생충의 표피를 파괴하기 때문에 벌레는 보통 숙주에 의해 소화됩니다. 따라서 성공적인 치료 후 대변에서 온전한 촌충이 관찰되는 경우는 드뭅니다.

작용 기전: Praziquantel's exact mechanism is not fully elucidated, but it rapidly penetrates the parasite and alters the permeability of the cell membranes. * **Ion Flux Alteration:** Interacts with **phospholipids** in the parasite's integument → induces rapid intracellular influx of **calcium ions (Ca2+)**, as well as sodium and potassium fluxes. * **Spastic Paralysis:** The sudden calcium influx causes severe, sustained contraction and spastic paralysis of the worm's musculature, impairing sucker function and dislodging the parasite. * **Tegumental Destruction:** At higher concentrations, it causes irreversible focal vacuolization → subsequent disintegration of the cestodal integument. This exposes the parasite's internal antigens to the host's immune system and renders it susceptible to digestion by host enzymes. * **Trematodes:** Directly kills the parasite via similar calcium-mediated focal vacuolization and subsequent phagocytosis.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

For susceptible cestodes (IM or SC) · <5 lbs: 11.4 mg (0.2 mL); 5-10 lbs: 22.7 mg (0.4 mL); >10 lbs: 34.1 mg (0.6 mL maximum) · IM/SC · Once · Using the 56.8 mg/mL injectable product
For susceptible cestodes (Oral) · <4 lbs: 11.5 mg (½ tab); 5-11 lbs: 23 mg (1 tab); >11 lbs: 34.5 mg (1.5 tabs) · PO · Once · Using the 23 mg feline tab
For susceptible parasites using combination product with pyrantel pamoate (Drontal) · Administer a minimum dose of 2.27 mg praziquantel and 9.2 mg pyrantel pamoate per pound of body weight according to the dosing tables on labeling. · PO · Once · May be given directly by mouth or in a small amount of food. Do not withhold food.
For treatment of Paragonimiasis (Paragonimus kellicotti) · 23-25 mg/kg · PO · q8h · 3 days
For treatment of Giardia infections · Give two small dog tablets of Drontal Plus (febantel 113.4 mg; pyrantel 22.7 mg; praziquantel 22.7 mg) · PO · Once daily · 5 days
For Alaria spp. · 20 mg/kg · PO · Once
For Spirometra mansonoides · 30-35 mg/kg · PO · Once
For Taenia, Echinococcus, Dipylidium caninum, Mesocestoides (adult) · 5 mg/kg · PO/SC · Once
For Diphyllobothrium (adult) · 35 mg/kg · PO · Once
For Sparganum proliferum (adult) · 7.5 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg · PO/SC · Daily · 2 days

투여 경로

POIMSCTopical

금기

Puppies less than 4 weeks old (for solo product)
Kittens less than 6 weeks old (for solo product)
Known hypersensitivity to praziquantel
Unweaned puppies or kittens (unlikely to be affected by tapeworms at this age)
Animals weighing < 1 kg (specifically for spot-on preparations)

이상반응

Oral (uncommon, <5%): Anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, salivation (cats)
Injectable (dogs): Pain at injection site, vomiting, drowsiness, staggering gait
Injectable (cats): Diarrhea, weakness, vomiting, salivation, sleepiness, transient anorexia, pain at injection site
Anorexia
Vomiting
Lethargy
Diarrhoea
Transient hypersalivation (if spot-on application site is licked)
Localized tissue sensitivity and pain at injection site (particularly in cats)

약물 상호작용

Oxamniquine · Reportedly synergistic activity occurs in humans in the treatment of schistosomiasis; clinical implications in veterinary patients are unclear.
Grapefruit juice · Can increase the area under the curve (AUC) of orally administered praziquantel by 150-200% in dogs.
Dexamethasone · Concurrent administration may significantly decrease serum praziquantel concentrations. · moderate
Cimetidine · May decrease the metabolic clearance of praziquantel, increasing its serum levels. · minor

모니터링

Clinical efficacy (resolution of parasite infection)
Fecal examination for tapeworm proglottids or eggs to confirm efficacy of treatment
Monitoring for resolution of clinical signs (e.g., scooting, visible segments in feces)

과용량

Praziquantel has a **wide margin of safety**. * **Rodents:** Oral LD50 is at least 2 g/kg in rats and mice. * **Dogs:** An oral LD50 could not be determined because doses >200 mg/kg induce vomiting. In ASPCA APCC reports, dogs exposed to overdoses showed no clinical signs. * **Cats:** Parenteral doses of 50-100 mg/kg caused transient ataxia and depression. Injected doses at 200 mg/kg were lethal. In ASPCA APCC reports, a minority of exposed cats showed clinical signs. *Treatment:* Overdoses are generally self-limiting (especially oral, due to vomiting). Provide supportive care if severe neurological or gastrointestinal signs occur.

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