프로클로르페라진

Prochlorperazine

Prochlorperazine (base, edisylate, maleate)

페노티아진계 항구토제IMSCPORectalIV개고양이

다른 이름: Compazine · Compro · Prorazin · Stemetil · Tementil · chlormeprazine · prochlorpemazine

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

0.5 mg/kgIM or SC· q8h

체중— 🐕

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

개

적응증	용량	경로	빈도	기간	지역
As an antiemetic	0.5 mg/kg	IM or SC	q8h	—	🌎 NA
As an antiemetic	0.1 mg/kg	IM	q6-8h	—	🌎 NA
As an antiemetic	0.1-0.5 mg/kg	IM or SC	q6-8h	—	🌎 NA
All uses (motion sickness, emesis)	0.1-0.5 mg/kg	IV/IM/SC	q6-8h	—	🌍 EU
All uses (motion sickness, emesis)	0.5-1 mg/kg	PO	q8-12h	—	🌍 EU

As an antiemetic: Ensure adequate hydration
As an antiemetic: Use with extreme caution in dehydrated or hypotensive animals

고양이

적응증	용량	경로	빈도	기간	지역
As an antiemetic	0.5 mg/kg	SC or IM	three times a day	—	🌎 NA
As an antiemetic	0.5 mg/kg	IM or SC	q8h	—	🌎 NA
As an antiemetic	0.1-0.5 mg/kg	IM or SC	q6-8h	—	🌎 NA
All uses (motion sickness, emesis)	0.1-0.5 mg/kg	IV/IM/SC	q6-8h	—	🌍 EU
All uses (motion sickness, emesis)	0.5-1 mg/kg	PO	q8-12h	—	🌍 EU

As an antiemetic: Ensure adequate hydration

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

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개요

프로클로르페라진은 강력한 페노티아진계 항구토제로, 수의학에서는 주로 개와 고양이의 심한 메스꺼움과 구토를 조절하는 데 사용됩니다.

과거에는 수의용 복합제(항콜린제가 포함된 Darbazine® 등)로 널리 사용되었으나, 현재는 인체용 제제를 허가 외(off-label)로 사용하고 있습니다.

임상 요점: 광범위한 수용체 길항 작용으로 인해 중추성 구토에 매우 효과적입니다. 그러나 심한 진정 작용과 알파-아드레날린 수용체 차단(저혈압 유발) 위험이 있어, 일반적으로 마로피탄트나 온단세트론과 같은 최신 표적 항구토제가 효과가 없거나 사용할 수 없는 경우에 보류하여 사용됩니다. 또한 가벼운 진정 작용과 약한 항콜린 특성을 가지고 있습니다.

작용 기전

Prochlorperazine exerts its antiemetic effects primarily by acting on the brain's emetic center and the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ). Its broad-spectrum efficacy is due to the antagonism of multiple receptor types:

Dopaminergic (D2) Antagonism → Blocks dopamine signaling in the CRTZ, providing the primary antiemetic effect.
Histaminergic (H1) & Cholinergic (M1) Antagonism → Contributes to anti-motion sickness efficacy and mild antispasmodic effects in the GI tract.
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonism → Causes peripheral vasodilation, which is responsible for the primary adverse effect of hypotension.

It also has strong extrapyramidal effects due to central dopamine blockade in the basal ganglia.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

Hypovolemia or dehydration
Shock
Tetanus
Strychnine intoxication
Hepatic dysfunction (use with caution)
Cardiac disease (use with caution)

부작용

Sedation
Hypotension
Muscle fasciculations and tremors (extrapyramidal signs)
Prolactin release
Depression
Extrapyramidal reactions (rigidity, tremors, weakness, restlessness)

주의

Animals may require lower dosages of general anesthetics following phenothiazine administration. Use cautiously and at smaller doses in animals with hepatic dysfunction, cardiac disease, or general debilitation. Because of hypotensive effects, it is relatively contraindicated in patients with hypovolemia, dehydration, or shock. May exacerbate depression in patients with pre-existing CNS depression. Do not use for tetanus or strychnine intoxication due to extrapyramidal effects. Use with caution in very young or debilitated animals.

약물 상호작용

AntacidsModerate

May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines

Antidiarrheal mixtures (e.g., Kaolin/pectin, bismuth subsalicylate)

May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines

CNS Depressant Agents (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics)

May cause additive CNS depression if used with phenothiazines

Dopamine

Phenothiazines may decrease pressor effects

Epinephrine

Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors; concomitant epinephrine can lead to unopposed beta-activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate (epinephrine reversal)

Metoclopramide

Phenothiazines may potentiate the extrapyramidal effects of metoclopramide

Opiates

May enhance the hypotensive effects of the phenothiazines; dosages of prochlorperazine may need to be reduced

Organophosphate Agents

Phenothiazines should not be given within one month of worming with these agents as their effects may be potentiated

Paraquat

Toxicity of the herbicide paraquat may be increased by prochlorperazine

Phenytoin

Metabolism may be decreased if given concurrently with phenothiazines

Physostigmine

Toxicity may be enhanced by prochlorperazine

Procaine

Activity may be enhanced by phenothiazines

PropranololModerate

Increased blood levels of both drugs may result if administered together

Warfarin

Prochlorperazine may decrease anticoagulant effect

CNS depressants (anaesthetics, narcotic analgesics)Major

May cause additive CNS depression

Antidiarrhoeal preparations (bismuth subsalicylate, kaolin/pectin)Moderate

May reduce GI absorption of oral phenothiazines

Adrenaline (Epinephrine)Major

Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to unopposed beta activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate

모니터링

Cardiac rate, rhythm, and blood pressure (if indicated and possible to measure)
Anti-emetic/anti-spasmodic efficacy
Hydration and electrolyte status
Body temperature (especially if ambient temperature is very hot or cold)
Heart rate and rhythm
CNS status (sedation level, extrapyramidal signs)
Liver function (with prolonged use)

약동학

흡수

Little specific information available; likely follows general patterns of other phenothiazine agents.

분포

Likely follows general patterns of other phenothiazines. A related compound (chlorpromazine) is detected in maternal milk with a milk-to-plasma ratio of 0.5-0.7 or less.

대사

Hepatic (assumed based on phenothiazine class).

배설

Likely follows general patterns of other phenothiazine agents.

과다투여

Overdose generally presents as an exaggeration of adverse effects, particularly profound sedation, hypotension, and extrapyramidal clinical signs (such as torticollis, severe tremors, muscle rigidity, and excessive salivation).

Treatment: Acute extrapyramidal signs have been successfully treated with injectable diphenhydramine in humans. Hypotension should be treated with intravenous fluids; avoid epinephrine due to the risk of "epinephrine reversal" causing further vasodilation.

제품

제형

Injection (edisylate salt)
Oral tablets (maleate salt)
Rectal suppositories (base)
12.5 mg/ml injectable solution (1 ml ampoule)
3 mg oral tablet
5 mg oral tablet
5 mg/5 ml oral syrup

동물용의약품

None currently available (Darbazine® is no longer marketed in the USA)

인용의약품

Prochlorperazine for Injection: 5 mg/mL in 2 mL vials
Prochlorperazine Tablets: 5 mg & 10 mg (as maleate)
Prochlorperazine Suppositories: 25 mg (as base)
Stemetil 12.5 mg/ml injection
Stemetil 3 mg tablets
Stemetil 5 mg tablets
Stemetil 5 mg/5 ml syrup

규제 현황

European Union✗ 미승인처방전의약품EMA

Not a first choice; used off-label under the prescribing cascade as maropitant and metoclopramide are authorized.

United Kingdom✗ 미승인처방전의약품 · POMVMD

POM (Prescription Only Medicine). Used under the cascade.

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Store in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature. Avoid temperatures above 40°C and below freezing. A slight yellowing of the oral or injectable solution has no effects on potency or efficacy, but do not use if a precipitate forms or the solution is substantially discolored.

보호자 정보

중요 안전 주의사항: 투약 후 최소 1시간 동안 반려동물을 주의 깊게 관찰하십시오. 이 약은 졸음과 비틀거림을 유발할 수 있으므로 안전하고 조용한 환경에 두십시오.

구강 건조: 반려동물이 입맛을 다시는 것을 볼 수 있습니다. 10~15분 동안 반려동물의 혀에 소량의 물을 적셔주면 도움이 될 수 있습니다.
소변 색 변화: 이 약은 소변을 분홍색이나 적갈색으로 무해하게 변색시킬 수 있습니다. 이는 정상적인 현상이므로 걱정하지 않으셔도 됩니다.
수의사에게 연락해야 할 때: 지속적인 구토와 설사는 심각할 수 있습니다. 증상이 완화되지 않으면 수의사에게 연락하십시오. 반려동물이 이상 행동을 보이거나, 몸이 뻣뻣해지거나, 기타 비정상적인 신체 움직임이나 떨림을 보이면 즉시 수의사의 진료를 받으십시오.

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