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프로판텔린 브로마이드

Propantheline Bromide

Propantheline bromide

4급 암모늄 항무스카린제POIV개고양이말

다른 이름: Pro-Banthine · bromuro de propantelina · propanthelini bromidum · Bropantil · Corrigast · Ercorax Rollon · Ercoril · Ercotina · Pantheline · Probamide

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

0.2 mg/kg PO q6-8h; increase dose if necessary to the lowest dose that will control clinical signsPO· q6-8h
— 🐕

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

개

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence0.2 mg/kg PO q6-8h; increase dose if necessary to the lowest dose that will control clinical signsPOq6-8h—🌎 NA
Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence7.5-30 mg (total dose) PO once a day to q8hPOq24h to q8h—🌎 NA
Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence7.5-15 mg (total dose) PO q12h; occasionally dosages of 30 mg q8h are requiredPOq12h—🌎 NA
Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.0.25-0.5 mg/kg PO q8-12hPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.7.5-30 mg PO q8-12hPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
Colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, etc.0.25 mg/kg PO three times a dayPOTIDDo not use longer than 48-72 hours (48 hours for acute colitis)🌎 NA
Colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, etc.0.5 mg/kg two to three times dailyPOBID-TID—🌎 NA
As an antiemetic/antidiarrheal0.25 mg/kg PO q8hPOq8h—🌎 NA
  • Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.: Usually well tolerated, but improvement is usually partial and often temporary.

고양이

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence0.25-0.5 mg/kg PO q12-24hPOq12-24h—🌎 NA
Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence5-7.5 mg (total dose) PO once a day to once every 3 daysPOq24h to q72h—🌎 NA
Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence5-7.5 mg (total dose) PO q8h; 7.5 mg PO q72hPOq8h or q72h—🌎 NA
Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.0.8-1.6 mg/kg three times dailyPOTID—🌎 NA
Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.7.5 mg PO q8-12hPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
Chronic colitis0.5 mg/kg two to three times dailyPOBID-TID—🌎 NA
As an antiemetic/antidiarrheal0.25 mg/kg PO q8hPOq8h—🌎 NA
  • Detrusor hyperreflexia, urge incontinence: Empirical dosage. Further studies required to substantiate beneficial effect.
  • Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.: Although generally ineffective, a trial may be attempted.
  • Sinus bradycardia, incomplete AV block, etc.: Usually well tolerated, but improvement is usually partial and often temporary.

말

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
To reduce rectal contractions during oocyte collection0.04 mg/kg IVIVOnce—🌎 NA
To inhibit peristalsis for 2 hours during rectal surgery30 mg IVIVOnce—🌎 NA
  • To reduce rectal contractions during oocyte collection: Must be freshly prepared and filtered through a 0.22 micron-filter from oral tablets.
  • To inhibit peristalsis for 2 hours during rectal surgery: Must be freshly prepared and filtered through a 0.22 micron-filter from oral tablets.

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개요

​프로판텔린 브로마이드(Propantheline bromide)​는 합성 4급 암모늄 항무스카린(항콜린) 제제입니다. 수의학에서는 주로 진경 및 분비 억제 특성을 위해 사용됩니다.

​주요 임상 용도:​

  • ​소동물:​ 설사, 배뇨근 반사 항진(절박성 요실금) 및 항콜린제 반응성 서맥의 관리.
  • ​말:​ 결장 연동 운동을 감소시키고 직장을 이완시키기 위해 정맥 투여하여 직장 검사 및 수술을 더 안전하게 수행할 수 있도록 돕습니다.

​임상 요점:​ 프로판텔린은 4급 암모늄 화합물이기 때문에 영구적으로 이온화되어 있으며 수용성이 높습니다. 이러한 구조적 특징으로 인해 혈액뇌장벽(BBB)을 쉽게 통과하거나 눈으로 침투하지 못합니다. 결과적으로 아트로핀과 같은 3급 아민에 비해 중추신경계(CNS) 또는 안구 부작용이 현저히 적으면서 말초 항콜린 효과(위장관 이완 및 심박수 증가 등)를 제공합니다.

작용 기전

Propantheline acts as a competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (primarily M1, M2, and M3 subtypes) located on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and exocrine glands.

  • ​Gastrointestinal Tract:​ Blockade of M3 receptors → decreased smooth muscle tone and peristalsis (antispasmodic effect) + reduced gastric acid secretion.
  • ​Urinary Tract:​ Blockade of M3 receptors on the detrusor muscle → relaxation of the bladder wall → increased bladder capacity and reduced urge incontinence.
  • ​Cardiovascular System:​ Blockade of M2 receptors on the sinoatrial (SA) node → vagolytic effect → increased heart rate.
  • ​Exocrine Glands:​ Blockade of muscarinic receptors → decreased salivation and respiratory secretions.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

  • Hypersensitivity to anticholinergics
  • Tachycardias secondary to thyrotoxicosis or cardiac insufficiency
  • Myocardial ischemia
  • Unstable cardiac status during acute hemorrhage
  • Gastrointestinal obstructive disease
  • Paralytic ileus
  • Severe ulcerative colitis
  • Obstructive uropathy
  • Myasthenia gravis (unless used to reverse adverse muscarinic effects secondary to therapy)

부작용

  • Dry mouth (xerostomia)
  • Dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
  • Urinary hesitancy or retention
  • Tachycardia
  • Constipation
  • Vomiting (especially in cats)
  • Hypersalivation (especially in cats)
  • Ileus (at high doses, potentially leading to bacterial overgrowth)

주의

​Extreme Caution:​

  • ​GI Infections:​ Can decrease GI motility and prolong retention of causative agents or toxins, worsening clinical signs.
  • ​Autonomic Neuropathy:​ Use with extreme caution.

​Caution:​

  • Hepatic or renal disease
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Hypertension
  • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
  • Tachyarrhythmias
  • Prostatic hypertrophy
  • Esophageal reflux
  • Geriatric or pediatric patients
  • Nursing patients (unknown if excreted in milk, but anticholinergics can reduce milk production and cause toxicity in neonates)

약물 상호작용

Antihistamines

May enhance the anticholinergic activity of propantheline.

Benzodiazepines

May enhance the activity of propantheline.

Cimetidine

Propantheline may decrease the absorption of cimetidine.

Corticosteroids

Long-term concurrent use may increase intraocular pressure.

Meperidine

May enhance the activity of propantheline.

Nitrates

May potentiate the adverse effects of propantheline.

Nitrofurantoin

Propantheline may enhance the actions of nitrofurantoin.

Phenothiazines

May enhance the anticholinergic activity of propantheline.

Sympathomimetics

Propantheline may enhance their actions.

Ranitidine

Propantheline delays absorption but increases peak serum levels of ranitidine; relative bioavailability of ranitidine may increase by 23%.

Thiazide Diuretics

Propantheline may enhance their actions.

모니터링

  • Clinical efficacy (resolution of diarrhea, incontinence, or bradycardia)
  • Heart rate and rhythm (if indicated)
  • Adverse effects (dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention)

약동학

흡수

Incompletely absorbed after oral administration due to complete ionization. Food decreases the amount absorbed. Variably absorbed in dogs; dosages require individual titration.

분포

Poorly lipid soluble; does not extensively penetrate into the CNS or eye.

대사

Believed to be prevalently metabolized in the GI tract and/or liver.

배설

Less than 5% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.

과다투여

​Toxicity Profile:​ Because of its quaternary structure, minimal CNS effects are expected following an overdose compared to tertiary amines like atropine.

​Treatment:​

  • ​Decontamination:​ If recent oral ingestion, empty gut contents and administer activated charcoal and saline cathartics.
  • ​Supportive Care:​ Treat clinical signs symptomatically. Fluid therapy and standard treatments for shock may be instituted. Do not use phenothiazines as they may exacerbate anticholinergic effects.
  • ​Antidote (Physostigmine):​ Controversial. Reserve for extreme agitation/risk of injury, or severe/life-threatening supraventricular and sinus tachycardias.
    • Human pediatric dose (reasonable for small animals): 0.02 mg/kg slow IV; may repeat q10 minutes until reversal of toxic effects.
    • Note: Physostigmine adverse effects (bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, seizures) may be treated with small doses of IV atropine.

제품

제형

  • Tablets (Human-labeled): 7.5 mg, 15 mg
  • Injectable: No commercial veterinary product available; must be freshly compounded/filtered from oral tablets for equine IV use

인용의약품

  • Propantheline Bromide Tablets: 7.5 mg & 15 mg (Pro-Banthine®; generic)

규제 현황

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Propantheline bromide tablets should be stored at room temperature in tight containers.

보호자 정보

​중요:​ 프로판텔린은 설사, 요실금 또는 느린 심박수를 치료하는 데 사용됩니다. 평활근을 이완시키고 분비샘의 분비를 감소시키는 작용을 합니다.

  • ​구강 건조:​ 반려동물의 입이 마를 수 있습니다. 10~15분 간격으로 반려동물의 혀에 소량의 물을 적셔주면 증상 완화에 도움이 됩니다.
  • ​증상 악화 관찰:​ 지속적인 구토와 설사는 심각할 수 있습니다. 증상이 완화되지 않거나 악화되면 즉시 수의사에게 연락하십시오.
  • ​기타 부작용:​ 변비, 배뇨 곤란 또는 심박수 증가가 있는지 관찰하십시오. 고양이는 이 약을 복용한 후 간혹 침을 흘리거나 구토를 할 수 있습니다.
  • ​투약:​ 처방된 대로 정확하게 투여하십시오. 수의사와 상의 없이 갑자기 약물 투여를 중단하지 마십시오.

VetSheet 의약품 참고자료는 수의사 전문가의 임상 의사결정 지원을 위한 것이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 약물 정보를 대체할 수 없습니다.