프로피오니박테리움 아크네스 주사액

면역 증강제 / 생물학적 반응 조절제

**프로피오니박테리움 아크네스 주사액(Propionibacterium acnes injection)**은 사멸된(비활성) 프로피오니박테리움 아크네스(과거 *Corynebacterium parvum*으로 알려짐) 현탁액으로 만들어진 비특이적 면역 증강제 및 생물학적 반응 조절제(BRM)입니다. ### 임상 적용 * **개:** 주로 **만성 재발성 농피증** 치료 시 항생제 요법의 보조제로 사용되어 병변의 중증도와 빈도를 줄입니다. * **말:** 원발성 또는 속발성 **바이러스 및 세균성 호흡기 감염**의 보조 치료제로 사용되며, **지속성 자궁내막염**이 있는 암말의 번식력 향상을 위해 허가 외(off-label)로 사용됩니다. * **고양이:** **고양이 레트로바이러스 감염**(FeLV, FIV) 및 고양이 뇌척수염 관리에 허가 외로 사용되나, 효능 데이터는 혼재되어 있습니다. > **임상 팁:** 반응을 일으키기 위해 온전한 면역 체계에 의존하므로 효능이 매우 다양할 수 있습니다. 단독 치료보다는 거의 전적으로 *보조* 요법으로 사용됩니다.

작용 기전: As a non-specific immunostimulant, *P. acnes* acts by stimulating the reticuloendothelial system and cell-mediated immunity. * **PAMP Recognition:** The killed bacteria contain Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) that are recognized by **Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)** (likely TLR9) on antigen-presenting cells. * **Macrophage Activation:** Induces robust activation of macrophages and dendritic cells. * **Cytokine Cascade:** Stimulates the production of lymphokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ) → promotes a **Th1-type immune response**. * **Effector Cell Enhancement:** Increases **Natural Killer (NK) cell** activity and enhances overall cell-mediated immunity to help clear chronic bacterial or viral infections.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Adjunctive therapy of feline retrovirus infections · 0.5 mL · IV · twice weekly for 2 weeks, then one injection weekly · 20 weeks or until cat is seronegative
Adjunctive therapy of feline retrovirus infections · 0.25-0.5 mL · IV · twice weekly then every other week · 16 weeks
Antiviral immunostimulant to increase hematopoiesis in FeLV-positive cats · 5 lb cats: 0.25 mL; 10 lb cats: 0.5 mL · IV, IP · twice weekly for 2 weeks, then once weekly until remission and once monthly after that to maintain clinical improvement. (For 10 lb cats: once weekly for 3 weeks and once monthly for 2 months for a total of nine injections) · Variable · Some protocols suggest follow-up with injections once weekly for 20 weeks or longer as needed.

Horses

Immunostimulant for adjunctive therapy of primary or secondary viral or bacterial respiratory tract infections · 1 mL per 114kg (250 lb) body weight · IV · q48-72h · Using EqStim
Immunostimulant for adjunctive therapy of primary or secondary viral or bacterial respiratory tract infections · 1 mL per 114kg (250 lb) body weight · IV · Repeat dosage on day 3 (or day 4), at day 7, and weekly as needed · Using EqStim
Adjunctive treatment to improve fertility in mares with endometritis · 1 mL per 114 kg (250 lb) body weight · IV · Given days 0, 2, and 6 · Using EqStim. Best results in mares bred 2 days before to 8 days after initial administration.

Dogs

Adjunct to antibiotic therapy in the treatment of chronic recurring canine pyoderma · For animals weighing up to 15 lbs = 0.25-0.5 mL; 15-45 lbs = 0.25-1 mL; 45-75 lbs = 1-1.5 mL; >75 lbs = 1.5-2 mL · IV · 4 times at 3-4 day intervals, then once weekly until symptoms abate or stabilize. Maintenance doses once per month are recommended. · Shake well before use.

투여 경로

IVIP

금기

Hypersensitivity to the compound
Canine lymphoma
Leukemias with CNS involvement
FIV or FIP in cats (according to some sources)

이상반응

Lethargy
Hyperthermia (fever)
Chills
Anorexia
Anaphylactic reactions
Local tissue inflammation (if extravasated)
Vomiting (long-term use)
Malaise (long-term use)
Acidosis (long-term use)
Increased water consumption (long-term use)
Hepatitis (long-term use)

약물 상호작용

Glucocorticoids · May compromise immunostimulant effects; manufacturer recommends discontinuing steroids at least 7 days prior to initiating therapy.
Immunosuppressive drugs · May compromise immunostimulant effects.

모니터링

Clinical efficacy (resolution of pyoderma lesions, improvement in respiratory signs, or viral remission)
Adverse effects (lethargy, fever, chills)
Signs of anaphylaxis immediately following injection

과용량

Specific overdosage information is not available. The primary concern with acute administration is the potential for **anaphylactic (severe allergic) reactions**. The manufacturer states that the antidote for such reactions is **epinephrine**.

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