프로포폴
Propofol
2,6-diisopropylphenol
다른 이름: Rapinovet · Diprivan · PropoClear · Fresenius Propoven · Norofol · Procare · PropoFlo Plus · Propofol-Lipuro Vet · disoprofol · ICI-35868 · propofolum
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
감사 완료 v13 용량 근거
검토된 비계산 근거검토된 비계산 근거 (16)
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Ball pythons/anesthetic induction for isoflurane maintenance, but prolonged recovery; mild, resolving cardiac lesions
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10 mg/kg intracardiac222. Species/Comments: Ball pythons/anesthetic induction for isoflurane maintenance, but prolonged recovery; mild, resolving cardiac lesions.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Chelonians/lower dosages (5–10 mg/kg IV295) may be used; 1 mg/kg/min may be given for maintenance295
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 12–15 mg/kg IV68,318. Species/Comments: Chelonians/lower dosages (5–10 mg/kg IV295) may be used; 1 mg/kg/min may be given for maintenance295.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
If administered in supravertebral sinus, be aware for potential submeningeal delivery;271 see ketamine for combination; anesthesia; rapid, smooth induction; may give 15–25 min anesthesia and restraint in most species; rapid, excitement-free recovery; must be administered IV (slowly; no inflammation if goes perivascularly); may be administered IO; dosages may be reduced by as much as 50% in premedi
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: —. Species/Comments: If administered in supravertebral sinus, be aware for potential submeningeal delivery;271 see ketamine for combination; anesthesia; rapid, smooth induction; may give 15–25 min anesthesia and restraint in most species; rapid, excitement-free recovery; must be administered IV (slowly; no inflammation if goes perivascularly); may be administered IO; dosages may be reduced by as much as 50% in premedicated (e.g., ketamine) animals; may cause apnea and bradycardia; intubation and assisted ventilation generally required; considered by many to be parenteral agent of choice for inducing anesthesia.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Red-eared sliders/60–120 min anesthesia
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 20 mg/kg IV (supravertebral sinus)350. Species/Comments: Red-eared sliders/60–120 min anesthesia.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Most species/maintenance anesthesia; must provide respiratory and thermal support
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 0.3–0.5 mg/kg/min IV, IO constant rate infusion, or 0.5–1 mg/kg IV, IO periodic bolus298. Species/Comments: Most species/maintenance anesthesia; must provide respiratory and thermal support.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Snakes
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 5–10 mg/kg IV, intracardiac9,288. Species/Comments: Snakes.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Red-eared sliders/40–85 min anesthesia
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10 mg/kg IV (supravertebral sinus)350. Species/Comments: Red-eared sliders/40–85 min anesthesia.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Lizards, snakes/0.25 mg/kg/min may be given for maintenance;99 green iguanas/anesthetic induction242
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10 mg/kg IV, IO24,71,242. Species/Comments: Lizards, snakes/0.25 mg/kg/min may be given for maintenance;99 green iguanas/anesthetic induction242.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Snapping turtles/anesthetic induction
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 5 mg/kg IV106. Species/Comments: Snapping turtles/anesthetic induction.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Iguanas/higher dose is recommended for induction for short-duration procedures or intubation
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 5–10 mg/kg IV, IO24. Species/Comments: Iguanas/higher dose is recommended for induction for short-duration procedures or intubation.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Bearded dragons/effective for induction of anesthesia; respiratory depression noted; apnea in 2/8 animals
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10 mg/kg IV262. Species/Comments: Bearded dragons/effective for induction of anesthesia; respiratory depression noted; apnea in 2/8 animals.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Lizards (iguanas)/intubation and minor diagnostic procedures; may need to give an additional dose in 3–5 min; less cardiopulmonary depression than with higher doses
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 3–5 mg/kg IV, IO119,120. Species/Comments: Lizards (iguanas)/intubation and minor diagnostic procedures; may need to give an additional dose in 3–5 min; less cardiopulmonary depression than with higher doses.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Giant tortoises
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 2 mg/kg IV22. Species/Comments: Giant tortoises.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Chelonians/sedation (i.e., shell repair)
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 3–5 mg/kg IV supravertebral sinus81. Species/Comments: Chelonians/sedation (i.e., shell repair).
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Crocodilians/duration, 0.5–1.5 hr; maintain on gas anesthetics; experimental IM with hyaluronidase
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10–15 mg/kg IV187. Species/Comments: Crocodilians/duration, 0.5–1.5 hr; maintain on gas anesthetics; experimental IM with hyaluronidase.
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
South American rattlesnakes/anesthetic induction
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 15 mg/kg IV27. Species/Comments: South American rattlesnakes/anesthetic induction.
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
프로포폴은 속효성, 고지용성 정맥 마취제로 수의학에서 전신 마취의 유도 및 유지에 널리 사용됩니다. 발현이 빠르고 회복이 부드러워 외래 진단이나 간단한 시술에 특히 유용합니다.
주요 임상 특징:
- 빠른 발현 및 회복: 30-60초 내에 마취를 유도하며, 중추신경계에서 다른 조직으로의 재분포로 인해 회복이 일반적으로 부드럽고 빠릅니다.
- 장기 기능: 경도에서 중등도의 심장 질환, 간 또는 신장 질환이 있는 동물에게 안전하게 사용할 수 있습니다.
- 허가 외 사용: 난치성 뇌전증 지속상태에 대한 지속적 정맥 주입(CRI)으로 자주 사용되며, 특히 펜토바르비탈이 금기인 간성 뇌증 환자에게 유용합니다.
- 고양이 주의사항: 고양이는 개와 같은 강력한 글루쿠론산 포합 경로가 부족하여, 매일 연속 사용하거나 장기간 주입 시 회복 지연, 하인즈 소체 빈혈 및 무기력증에 취약합니다.
임상 요점: 프로포폴은 진통 효과가 없습니다. 통증을 유발하는 시술의 경우 적절한 수술 전후 진통 프로토콜(예: 마약성 진통제, NSAID, 국소 마취 차단)을 반드시 병행해야 합니다.
작용 기전
While the monograph notes the mechanism is not well understood, modern pharmacological consensus indicates that propofol primarily acts as a positive allosteric modulator of inhibitory GABA_A receptors in the central nervous system.
- Mechanism: Propofol binds to GABA_A receptors → increases the inward conductance of chloride ions → hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic neuronal membrane → profound CNS depression and hypnosis.
- Cardiovascular & Respiratory: Causes dose-dependent direct myocardial depression, vasodilation (arterial hypotension), and significant respiratory depression (apnea is common with rapid boluses).
- Other Effects: Decreases intraocular pressure (IOP), possesses antiemetic properties, and at sub-anesthetic doses, can act as an appetite stimulant in dogs.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Hypersensitivity to propofol or any component of the product
- Patients where general anesthesia or sedation is strictly contraindicated
- Use of benzyl alcohol-preserved formulations for maintenance of anaesthesia via continuous rate infusion (CRI)
부작용
- Transient respiratory depression and apnea (especially with rapid IV administration)
- Arterial hypotension and bradycardia
- Cyanosis (secondary to apnea)
- Seizure-like clinical signs during induction (paddling, opisthotonus, myoclonic twitching)
- Histamine release and rare anaphylactoid reactions
- Cats (with repeated/prolonged use): Heinz body anemia, slowed recovery, anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea
- Apnoea (especially with rapid injection)
- Severe hypotension
- Muscle rigidity and tremors (dogs)
- Paradoxical muscle movements (dogs)
- Heinz body anaemia (cats, with repeated daily use)
- Pain on IV injection
주의
Important Warnings:
- Respiratory Support: Propofol should only be used in facilities where intubation and artificial ventilation capabilities are immediately available.
- Administration Rate: Give slowly (e.g., 25% of calculated dose every 30 seconds) to minimize the risk of severe apnea and cyanosis.
- Patient Status: Use with extreme caution in patients in shock, under severe stress, or with severe trauma, hypoproteinemia, or hyperlipidemia.
- Feline Patients: Cats with preexisting liver disease may have prolonged recoveries. Repeated daily use or prolonged CRI in cats can cause oxidative RBC injury (Heinz body anemia).
- Handling (Macroemulsion): Contains no preservatives and is an excellent growth medium for bacteria. Handle with strict asepsis and discard unused portions within 6 hours.
약물 상호작용
Propofol serum concentrations may be increased; propofol induction may require higher initial inhalant concentrations due to rapid recovery.
Propofol dosage requirements for sedation or hypnosis may be reduced.
Propofol-induced bradycardia may be exacerbated, particularly when opiate premedicants are used.
May decrease clearance of propofol and increase recovery times.
When used as a premed, may reduce propofol dosage requirements.
Increased sedative, anesthetic, and cardiorespiratory depression possible; propofol dose should generally be reduced by ~25%.
May potentially increase recovery times associated with propofol (especially significant in cats).
Increased risk for bradycardia.
Hypoxemia may occur when propofol is used after medetomidine; dosage adjustments and adequate monitoring required.
May reduce the propofol dose required for induction by 20-25%.
Synergistic effects; midazolam plasma concentrations may be increased up to 20%.
May increase the serum concentrations of both the opiate and propofol if used together; markedly reduces propofol induction requirements.
Synergistic CNS depression; significantly reduces the dose of propofol required for induction and maintenance
Synergistic CNS depression; reduces propofol dose requirements
모니터링
- Level of anesthesia/CNS effects
- Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth (monitor for apnea/cyanosis)
- Cardiovascular status (cardiac rate/rhythm, blood pressure, pulse oximetry)
- Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth (capnography recommended)
- Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
- Oxygen saturation (SpO2)
- Depth of anaesthesia
약동학
반감기
흡수
Rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier after IV administration. Onset of action is usually within one minute.
분포
Highly bound to plasma proteins (95-99%). Highly lipophilic. Crosses the placenta and enters maternal milk. Steady state volume of distribution in dogs is >3 L/kg. Short duration of action (2-5 minutes) is principally due to rapid redistribution from the CNS to other tissues.
대사
Rapidly biotransformed in the liver via glucuronide conjugation to inactive metabolites. Cats do not glucuronidate as well as dogs, leading to potential toxicity with consecutive day administration.
배설
Inactive metabolites are excreted primarily by the kidneys. Clearance in dogs is about 50 mL/kg/min.
과다투여
Overdosages are likely to cause significant respiratory depression (apnea) and potentially severe cardiovascular depression (hypotension, bradycardia).
Treatment:
- Immediately discontinue propofol administration.
- Establish an airway and provide artificial ventilation with 100% oxygen.
- Administer symptomatic and supportive treatment for cardiovascular depression (e.g., intravenous fluid therapy, vasopressors, anticholinergics like atropine or glycopyrrolate).
제품
제형
- Macroemulsion injection (10 mg/mL)
- Microemulsion injection (10 mg/mL)
- Injectable: 10 mg/ml solution (lipid emulsion without preservative)
- Injectable: 10 mg/ml solution (lipid emulsion with benzyl alcohol preservative)
동물용의약품
- Propofol Injectable (macroemulsion): 10 mg/mL in 5 mL and 20 mL vials (Rapinovet, PropoFlo)
- Propofol Injectable (microemulsion): 10 mg/mL in 20 mL, 50 mL and 100 mL multi-dose vials (PropoClear)
- Norofol 10 mg/ml
- Procare 10 mg/ml
- PropoFlo Plus 10 mg/ml
- PropoFol 10 mg/ml
- Propofol-Lipuro Vet 10 mg/ml
- Rapinovet 10 mg/ml
인용의약품
- Propofol Injectable Emulsion: 10 mg/mL in 20 mL amps & vials, 50 mL & 100 mL vials, infusion vials, and prefilled syringes (Diprivan, Propoven)
- Diprivan 10 mg/ml
- Propofol 10 mg/ml
- Propofol 20 mg/ml
규제 현황
POM-V classification.
POM-V classification.
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Macroemulsion: Store below 22°C (72°F), but not below 4°C (40°F). Do not refrigerate or freeze. Protect from light. Shake well. Discard unused portion after 6 hours. Microemulsion: Store at controlled room temperature, protected from light. Do not store above 30°C or refrigerate. Discard unused portions 28 days after first use.
보호자 정보
프로포폴은 수술이나 간단한 시술을 위해 반려동물을 잠재우기 위해 수의사가 주사하는 속효성 마취제입니다.
- 빠른 효과: 매우 빨리(보통 1분 이내) 작용하며 시술이 끝나면 약효가 빨리 사라져 부드럽고 빠른 회복이 가능합니다.
- 안전성: 가벼운 심장, 간 또는 신장 질환이 있는 반려동물에게도 일반적으로 매우 안전합니다. 반려동물이 잠든 동안 수의료진이 호흡과 심박수를 면밀히 모니터링합니다.
- 진통제가 아님: 프로포폴은 반려동물을 잠들게 하지만 통증을 없애주지는 않습니다. 수의사는 반려동물이 편안하고 통증을 느끼지 않도록 다른 약물을 함께 사용할 것입니다.
- 고양이의 경우: 고양이가 며칠에 걸쳐 반복적인 마취가 필요한 경우, 고양이는 개보다 프로포폴을 분해하는 속도가 느리므로 수의사가 다른 약물을 선택할 수 있습니다.
VetSheet 의약품 참고자료는 수의사 전문가의 임상 의사결정 지원을 위한 것이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 약물 정보를 대체할 수 없습니다.