ํผ๋ฆด๋ผ๋ฏผ ๋ง๋ ์ฐ์ผ
**ํผ๋ฆด๋ผ๋ฏผ ๋ง๋ ์ฐ์ผ**(๋ฉํผ๋ผ๋ฏผ์ผ๋ก๋ ์๋ ค์ง)์ 1์ธ๋ ์ํธ๋ ๋์๋ฏผ๊ณ ํญํ์คํ๋ฏผ์ ๋ก, ์์ํ์์ ์ฃผ๋ก ํ์คํ๋ฏผ ๋งค๊ฐ ๋ถ์์ฉ์ ์ค์ด๊ฑฐ๋ ์๋ฐฉํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์ฃผ์ ์์ ํฌ์ธํธ: * **์ฃผ์ ์ฉ๋**: ์ฃผ๋ก **๋ง ์ง๋ฃ**์์ ๊ณค์ถฉ ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์ฆ, ๋๋๋ฌ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฐ์ ์๋ ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์งํ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌํ๊ณ ๋ง ์ฒ์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ํธํก๊ธฐ ์งํ์ ๋ณด์กฐ์ ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค. * **์ฅ์ **: ๋ค๋ฅธ 1์ธ๋ ํญํ์คํ๋ฏผ์ (์: ๋ํํ๋๋ผ๋ฏผ)์ ๋นํด ํผ๋ฆด๋ผ๋ฏผ์ **์ง์ ์์ฉ์ด ๋ํ๊ณ ** **ํญ์ฝ๋ฆฐ์ฑ ๋ถ์์ฉ์ด ์ ์** ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋ฉ๋๋ค. * **์ ํ**: ๋ง์ฉ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ ํํ์ ๋ณตํฉ์ (์: ์๋์ํ๋๋ฆฐ ๋๋ ๊ตฌ์์ดํ๋ค์ ํฌํจ)๋ ์ฃผ์ฌ์ก์ผ๋ก ์์ฃผ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค. * **๊ท์ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์ฌํญ**: ์น๋ง ์คํฌ์ธ ์์๋ ARCI ํด๋์ค 3 ์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ก ๋ถ๋ฅ๋๋ฉฐ ๋ํ ์ ์ ์ ํ ํด์ฝ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค.
์์ฉ ๊ธฐ์ : Pyrilamine acts as a **competitive antagonist (inverse agonist)** at **H1-receptors**. * **Mechanism**: Allergic trigger โ Mast cell degranulation โ Histamine release. Pyrilamine competes with free histamine for binding sites on **H1-receptors** located on smooth muscle, endothelium, and in the CNS. * **Effects**: By blocking these receptors, it prevents histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and increased capillary permeability (which leads to edema/hives). * **Limitations**: It does **not** inhibit the release of histamine from mast cells, nor does it inactivate histamine that is already bound. Therefore, it is more effective as a preventative rather than a rescue treatment during acute anaphylaxis. * **Secondary Actions**: Like other first-generation antihistamines, it can cross the blood-brain barrier, leading to mild CNS depression (sedation) or paradoxical CNS stimulation, and possesses mild anticholinergic properties.
๋๋ฌผ ์ข ๋ณ ์ฉ๋
- Antihistamine ยท 0.25-0.5 gram IM ยท IM ยท Unknown
- Antihistamine ยท 0.5-1.5 grams IM ยท IM ยท Unknown
- Adjunctive treatment of aseptic laminitis ยท 55-110 mg/100 kg IV or IM ยท IV, IM ยท Unknown
- Antihistamine ยท 0.88-1.32 mg/kg (2-3 mL of 20 mg/mL solution per 100 lbs body weight) IV (slowly), IM or SC ยท IV, IM, SC ยท q6-12h ยท May repeat in 6-12 hours if necessary. NOTE: ARCI UCGFS CLASS 3 DRUG
- Antihistamine (Foals) ยท 0.44 mg/kg (1 mL of 20 mg/mL solution per 100 lbs. body weight) IV (slowly), IM or SC ยท IV, IM, SC ยท q6-12h ยท May repeat in 6-12 hours if necessary.
- Antihistamine ยท 1 mg/kg IV , IM or SC ยท IV, IM, SC ยท Unknown
- Antihistamine ยท 0.5-1.5 grams IM ยท IM ยท Unknown
- Antihistamine ยท 0.25-0.5 gram IM ยท IM ยท Unknown
- Antihistamine ยท 12.5-25 mg PO four times a day ยท PO ยท q6h
ํฌ์ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ก
๊ธ๊ธฐ
- Should not supersede the use of other emergency drugs and procedures (e.g., epinephrine for acute anaphylaxis)
์ด์๋ฐ์
- CNS stimulation (nervousness, insomnia, convulsions, tremors, ataxia)
- Palpitation
- GI disturbances
- CNS depression (sedation)
- Muscular weakness
- Anorexia
- Lassitude
- Incoordination
์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ํธ์์ฉ
- Anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin) ยท Antihistamines may partially counteract the anticoagulation effects of heparin or warfarin.
- CNS Depressant Drugs ยท Increased sedation can occur if pyrilamine is combined with other CNS depressant drugs.
- Epinephrine ยท Pyrilamine may enhance the effects of epinephrine.
๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง
- Clinical efficacy (reduction in allergic signs, hives, or respiratory effort)
- Adverse effects (monitor for signs of CNS stimulation or excessive sedation)
๊ณผ์ฉ๋
Treatment of overdosage is **supportive and symptomatic**. * **Seizure Management**: Phenytoin (IV) is recommended in the treatment of seizures caused by antihistamine overdose in humans. Most toxicologists recommend **avoiding** barbiturates and diazepam, though one veterinary manufacturer historically suggested 'careful titration' of barbiturates. * **CNS Depression**: Avoid the use of CNS stimulants (analeptics like caffeine, ephedrine, or amphetamines) to treat CNS depression, as this can exacerbate toxicity.
VetSheet ์ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ ํผ๋ฐ์ค๋ ๋ฉดํ ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์์ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ ๋ฌธ์ ํ๋จ์ด๋ ์ ์กฐ์ฌ์ ์ต์ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์ ๋์ ํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค.