리팜핀

동물 종별 용량

투여 경로

금기

• Hypersensitivity to rifampin or other rifamycins
• Use with extreme caution in patients with preexisting hepatic dysfunction
• Pregnancy (teratogenic at high doses)
• Pre-existing liver disease or hepatic dysfunction

이상반응

• Red-orange discoloration of bodily fluids (urine, tears, sweat, saliva)
• Gastrointestinal distress (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea)
• Elevated liver enzymes and potential hepatotoxicity
• Rashes and erythema (noted in cats and humans)
• In horses (especially with macrolides): mild diarrhea to severe enterocolitis, hyperthermia, and acute respiratory distress
• Intravenous use in horses (rare): CNS depression, sweating, hemolysis, anorexia
• Elevated serum hepatic enzymes
• Clinical hepatitis
• Orange-red discoloration of urine, saliva, tears, and feces
• Gastrointestinal upset (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea)

약물 상호작용

• Fluoroquinolones · In vitro antagonism has been reported; concurrent use should be avoided.
• Barbiturates · Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic microsomal enzyme induction by rifampin. · major
• Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam) · Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Chloramphenicol · Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Corticosteroids · Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Dapsone · Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Ketoconazole · Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Propranolol · Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Quinidine · Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Warfarin · Decreased serum levels and shortened half-life due to hepatic enzyme induction.
• Theophylline · Increased rate of metabolism of theophylline due to hepatic enzyme induction. · major
• Itraconazole · Increased rate of metabolism of itraconazole due to hepatic enzyme induction, leading to subtherapeutic antifungal levels. · major

모니터링

• Clinical efficacy and resolution of infection
• Liver function tests (especially with long-term therapy)
• Chest radiographs and plasma fibrinogen levels (prognostic indicators for C. equi infections in foals after 1 week of therapy)
• Baseline and periodic serum hepatic enzyme levels (ALT, AST, ALP, Bilirubin)
• Clinical signs of hepatitis (icterus, anorexia, vomiting, lethargy)

과용량

Clinical signs of oral rifampin overdose are generally extensions of its adverse effects, including **gastrointestinal distress**, **orange-red coloring of fluids**, and **skin erythema** (noted particularly in cats). Massive overdoses carry a significant risk of **hepatotoxicity**. Dogs may exhibit central nervous system depression. **Treatment:** * Empty the gut following standard decontamination protocols for massive oral overdosage. * Monitor liver enzymes closely. * Initiate supportive treatment as necessary.