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동물 종별 용량

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금기

• Patients with active gastrointestinal ulcers
• Hypersensitivity to robenacoxib or its excipients
• Dogs with hepatic disease
• Dehydrated, hypovolaemic, or hypotensive patients
• Patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease or ulceration
• Patients with blood clotting disorders
• Pregnant or lactating animals
• Dogs < 12 weeks of age or < 2.5 kg body weight
• Cats < 16 weeks of age or < 2.5 kg body weight
• Perioperative use in animals with renal disease (not advisable)

이상반응

• Decreased appetite
• Vomiting
• Soft feces
• Diarrhea
• Blood in feces (melena/hematochezia)
• Mild gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, soft feces, diarrhea)
• Gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding (rare but severe)
• Renal toxicity (especially if hypotensive or dehydrated)
• Hepatic accumulation (in patients with pre-existing liver disease)

약물 상호작용

• ACE Inhibitors (e.g., enalapril, benazepril) · Some NSAIDs can reduce effects on blood pressure
• Aspirin · May increase the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity (e.g., ulceration, bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea)
• Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) · May increase the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity (e.g., ulceration, bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea)
• Digoxin · NSAIDs may increase serum levels
• Fluconazole · Administration has increased plasma levels of celecoxib in humans and potentially could also affect robenacoxib levels in dogs
• Furosemide · NSAIDs may reduce the saluretic and diuretic effects
• Highly Protein Bound Drugs (phenytoin, valproic acid, oral anticoagulants, salicylates, sulfonamides, etc.) · As robenacoxib is highly bound to plasma proteins (>99%), it may displace other highly bound drugs or be displaced by them, potentially leading to increased serum levels and toxicity
• Methotrexate · Serious toxicity has occurred when NSAIDs have been used concomitantly; use together with extreme caution
• Nephrotoxic Drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, amphotericin B) · May enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity development
• Other NSAIDs · Increased risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration and renal toxicity. Require a 3-5 day wash-out period. · major
• Glucocorticoids · Increased risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. · major

모니터링

• Baseline and periodic physical examinations to assess clinical efficacy and adverse effects
• Baseline and periodic CBC, serum biochemistry (liver and renal function), electrolytes, and urinalysis
• For long-term therapy in dogs: Monitor liver enzymes at the start of therapy, and after 2, 4, and 8 weeks; then every 3-6 months
• Discontinue therapy if liver enzymes increase markedly or if accompanied by clinical signs (anorexia, apathy, vomiting)
• Clinical response (reduction in pain and inflammation)
• Gastrointestinal signs (monitor for vomiting, diarrhea, or melena)
• Renal parameters (BUN, Creatinine, USG) and hepatic enzymes, especially prior to anesthesia or during long-term therapy (>12 weeks)

과용량

Acute overdoses may potentially cause **gastrointestinal, kidney, or liver toxicity**. Interestingly, chronic toxicity studies in healthy young dogs (up to 10 mg/kg/day for 6 months) and cats (up to 10 mg/kg SC for 3 days) did not produce signs of toxicity. **Treatment**: If an acute overdose occurs, symptomatic and supportive therapy is recommended. This may include the administration of gastrointestinal protective agents (e.g., sucralfate, omeprazole), IV fluid therapy for forced diuresis and renal support, and contacting an animal poison control center for guided management.