로니다졸

항원충제 / 니트로이미다졸계 항생제

**로니다졸(Ronidazole)**은 강력한 **5-니트로이미다졸(5-nitroimidazole)**계 항생제 및 항원충제입니다. 메트로니다졸과 구조적으로 유사하지만, 특정 내성 원충에 대해 더 우수한 효능을 나타냅니다. * 수의학에서는 주로 고양이의 만성 대장성 설사를 유발하는 **태아세모편모충(*Tritrichomonas foetus*)** 감염을 치료하기 위해 허가 외 사용(off-label)으로 널리 쓰입니다. * 비식용 조류(예: 비둘기, 핀치새)의 트리코모나스증 치료에도 사용됩니다. **임상 팁**: 맛이 매우 쓰고 인체 건강에 대한 잠재적 위험(발암 의심 물질)이 있으므로, 반드시 훼손되지 않은 젤라틴 캡슐 형태로 조제되어야 합니다. 식용 동물에 대한 사용은 엄격히 금지되어 있습니다.

작용 기전: Ronidazole is a prodrug that requires activation by protozoal organelles called **hydrogenosomes**. * Inside the hydrogenosome, the drug is reduced → forms **polar autotoxic anion radicals**. * These highly reactive radicals bind to and disrupt protozoal DNA → inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis → **cell death**. *Note*: While it shares this mechanism with metronidazole, ronidazole often retains activity against metronidazole-resistant _T. foetus_ strains, though resistance to ronidazole has been documented.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

treatment of T. foetus infections · 30 mg/kg PO q24h · PO · q24h · 14 days · Likely to be most effective in resolving diarrhea and eradicating T. foetus infection. Must be given in capsule form due to bitter taste.

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

금기

Hypersensitivity to ronidazole or other 5-nitroimidazoles (e.g., metronidazole)
Food-producing animals (FDA prohibited)
Pregnant or nursing cats (safety not established; use with extreme caution)

이상반응

Neurotoxicity (lethargy, anorexia, ataxia, nystagmus, seizures, behavior changes)
Gastrointestinal effects (anorexia, vomiting)
Carcinogenic potential (tumors in mice and rats)
Testicular toxicity (reported in dogs)

약물 상호작용

Alcohol · May induce a disulfiram-like reaction (nausea, vomiting, cramps)
Cimetidine · May decrease the metabolism of ronidazole and increase the likelihood of dose-related side effects
Ketoconazole · May decrease the metabolism of ronidazole and increase the likelihood of dose-related side effects
Cyclosporine · Ronidazole may increase the serum levels of cyclosporine
Tacrolimus · Ronidazole may increase the serum levels of tacrolimus
Fluorouracil · Ronidazole may increase the serum levels of fluorouracil and increase risk for toxicity
Lithium · Ronidazole may increase lithium serum levels and increase risk for lithium toxicity
Oxytetracycline · Reportedly may antagonize the therapeutic effects of metronidazole (and presumably ronidazole)
Phenobarbital · May increase the metabolism of ronidazole thereby decreasing blood levels
Rifampin · May increase the metabolism of ronidazole thereby decreasing blood levels
Phenytoin · May increase the metabolism of ronidazole thereby decreasing blood levels
Warfarin · May prolong INR/PT; avoid concurrent use if possible or intensify monitoring

모니터링

Clinical efficacy (diarrhea improvement)
Adverse effects (neurotoxicity, vomiting, anorexia)
PCR testing (to confirm infection; note that negative results after treatment do not conclusively prove eradication)

과용량

Overdoses can cause severe **neurotoxicity**, hemorrhage, and death (as reported in society finches consuming ronidazole in drinking water). Cats receiving 50 mg/kg twice daily have a greater incidence of neurotoxicity. **Treatment**: * Discontinue further therapy immediately. * Treat supportively. * Consider administering a GABA inhibitor, such as **diazepam**, to competitively inhibit GABA receptors in the CNS and control neurological signs.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.