염화나트륨
Sodium chloride
다른 이름: Aqupharm · Vetivex · Normal Saline · NaCl
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
동물 종별 용량
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
개
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous fluid replacement (including hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis) | Dose not specified in monograph | IV | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
| Shock (rapid blood volume expansion) | Rate must not exceed 1 ml/kg/min | IV | As directed | Preoperative period or acute crisis | 🌍 EU |
| Corneal oedema | Dose not specified in monograph | Topical | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
| Hypoadrenocorticism (long-term management) | Dose not specified in monograph | PO | As directed | Long-term | 🌍 EU |
- Intravenous fluid replacement (including hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis): Treatment of choice for hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis.
- Shock (rapid blood volume expansion): Use hypertonic saline. Must monitor serum sodium and follow with isotonic crystalloid.
- Corneal oedema: Use 5% hypertonic ophthalmic ointment.
- Hypoadrenocorticism (long-term management): Enteric-coated products may have unpredictable efficacy in dogs.
고양이
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous fluid replacement | Dose not specified in monograph | IV | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
| Shock (rapid blood volume expansion) | Rate must not exceed 1 ml/kg/min | IV | As directed | Preoperative period or acute crisis | 🌍 EU |
| Corneal oedema | Dose not specified in monograph | Topical | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Intravenous fluid replacement: Treatment of choice for hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis.
- Shock (rapid blood volume expansion): Use hypertonic saline. Must monitor serum sodium and follow with isotonic crystalloid.
- Corneal oedema: Use 5% hypertonic ophthalmic ointment.
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
염화나트륨은 수의학에서 수액 보충, 전해질 균형 및 약물 희석제로 사용되는 기본적인 정질 수액입니다. 저장성, 등장성(생리식염수) 및 고장성 제제로 제공됩니다.
임상 팁: 고장성 식염수는 쇼크 시 강력한 혈장 증량제로 사용되지만, 혈청 나트륨 수치의 주의 깊은 모니터링과 이후 등장성 수액의 투여가 필요합니다.
작용 기전
Isotonic and hypertonic formulations expand plasma volume and replace lost extracellular fluid. Hypotonic formulations provide free water and may promote oedema formation.
When used for fluid replacement, NaCl (0.45% and 0.9%) will expand the plasma volume compartment. → Compared with colloids, 2.5 to 3.0 times as much fluid must be given because the crystalloid is distributed to other fluid compartments.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Dehydrated animals (Hypertonic saline)
- Hypovolaemic animals (Hypotonic solutions)
부작용
- Peripheral oedema
- Hyperchloraemic acidosis (especially in compromised patients)
- Vagally mediated bradycardia (if hypertonic saline is administered >1 ml/kg/min)
- Stinging sensation (ophthalmic ointment)
주의
Warning: Hypertonic saline solutions have very high sodium concentrations. Monitor serum sodium concentrations before and after administration. Maintenance with an isotonic crystalloid is usually required after administration to correct electrolyte and fluid disturbances.
Safety and handling: Hypertonic saline solutions should be regarded as drugs, not standard IV fluids, and stored separately to prevent confusion.
Clinical Pearl: Enteric-coated products for oral use may not be adequately absorbed by dogs, leading to unpredictable efficacy. Normal saline contains higher amounts of chloride than plasma, increasing the risk of acidosis.
모니터링
- Serum sodium concentrations (especially before and after hypertonic saline)
- Acid-base status (monitor for acidosis)
- Heart rate (monitor for bradycardia during rapid hypertonic infusion)
- Hydration status and fluid balance
약동학
흡수
Enteric-coated oral products may not be adequately absorbed by dogs, leading to unpredictable efficacy.
분포
Crystalloids distribute widely into extracellular fluid compartments; 2.5 to 3.0 times as much fluid must be given compared to colloids to achieve the same plasma volume expansion.
과다투여
Excessive administration of normal saline can increase the risk of hyperchloraemic acidosis and peripheral oedema. Administration of hypertonic saline at fluid rates >1 ml/kg/min can cause a vagally mediated bradycardia.
제품
제형
- Injectable: 0.45% to 7% NaCl solutions
- Injectable: 0.18% NaCl with 4% glucose
- Injectable: 0.9% NaCl with 5% glucose
- Oral: 300 mg, 600 mg tablets
- Ophthalmic: 5% ointment (compounded)
동물용의약품
- Aqupharm
- Vetivex
인용의약품
- Hypertonic saline
- Sodium chloride
규제 현황
POM-V classification
POM-V classification
규제 데이터 없음: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Hypertonic saline solutions should be stored separately from standard intravenous fluids to prevent accidental confusion and administration.
보호자 정보
염화나트륨(생리식염수)은 반려동물의 수분 보충, 쇼크 치료 또는 특정 안과 질환 관리에 일반적으로 사용됩니다. 경구용 소금 알약이나 안연고를 처방받은 경우 수의사의 지시를 주의 깊게 따르십시오. 안연고는 일시적으로 가벼운 따가움을 유발할 수 있습니다. 반려동물이 항상 신선한 식수를 마실 수 있도록 해주세요.
VetSheet 의약품 참고자료는 수의사 전문가의 임상 의사결정 지원을 위한 것이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 약물 정보를 대체할 수 없습니다.