염화나트륨

수액 / 전해질 보충제

**염화나트륨**은 수의학에서 수액 보충, 전해질 균형 및 약물 희석제로 사용되는 기본적인 정질 수액입니다. 저장성, 등장성(생리식염수) 및 고장성 제제로 제공됩니다. > **임상 팁:** 고장성 식염수는 쇼크 시 강력한 혈장 증량제로 사용되지만, 혈청 나트륨 수치의 주의 깊은 모니터링과 이후 등장성 수액의 투여가 필요합니다.

작용 기전: Isotonic and hypertonic formulations expand **plasma volume** and replace lost extracellular fluid. Hypotonic formulations provide free water and may promote oedema formation. When used for fluid replacement, NaCl (0.45% and 0.9%) will expand the plasma volume compartment. → Compared with colloids, 2.5 to 3.0 times as much fluid must be given because the crystalloid is distributed to other fluid compartments.

동물 종별 용량

Dogs

Intravenous fluid replacement (including hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis) · Dose not specified in monograph · IV · As directed · As needed · Treatment of choice for hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis.
Shock (rapid blood volume expansion) · Rate must not exceed 1 ml/kg/min · IV · As directed · Preoperative period or acute crisis · Use hypertonic saline. Must monitor serum sodium and follow with isotonic crystalloid.
Corneal oedema · Dose not specified in monograph · Topical · As directed · As needed · Use 5% hypertonic ophthalmic ointment.
Hypoadrenocorticism (long-term management) · Dose not specified in monograph · PO · As directed · Long-term · Enteric-coated products may have unpredictable efficacy in dogs.

Cats

Intravenous fluid replacement · Dose not specified in monograph · IV · As directed · As needed · Treatment of choice for hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis.
Shock (rapid blood volume expansion) · Rate must not exceed 1 ml/kg/min · IV · As directed · Preoperative period or acute crisis · Use hypertonic saline. Must monitor serum sodium and follow with isotonic crystalloid.
Corneal oedema · Dose not specified in monograph · Topical · As directed · As needed · Use 5% hypertonic ophthalmic ointment.

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

IVPOTopical

금기

Dehydrated animals (Hypertonic saline)
Hypovolaemic animals (Hypotonic solutions)

이상반응

Peripheral oedema
Hyperchloraemic acidosis (especially in compromised patients)
Vagally mediated bradycardia (if hypertonic saline is administered >1 ml/kg/min)
Stinging sensation (ophthalmic ointment)

모니터링

Serum sodium concentrations (especially before and after hypertonic saline)
Acid-base status (monitor for acidosis)
Heart rate (monitor for bradycardia during rapid hypertonic infusion)
Hydration status and fluid balance

과용량

Excessive administration of normal saline can increase the risk of **hyperchloraemic acidosis** and **peripheral oedema**. Administration of hypertonic saline at fluid rates >1 ml/kg/min can cause a **vagally mediated bradycardia**.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.