์์ค๋ํ ๋ํธ๋ฅจ / ์์ค๋ํ ์นผ๋ฅจ
์์ค๋ํ๋ฌผ์ ์ฃผ๋ก ํน์ ์ก์์ข ์ฑ ๊ฐ์ผ ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ํด ์์ํ์์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์ฃผ์ ์ ์์ฆ์ผ๋ก๋ ๋ฐ์ถ๋๋ฌผ์ ๋ฐฉ์ ๊ฐ๊ท ์ฆ(๋ชฉ์ค์ฆ) ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ ๊ท ์ฆ, ๋ง, ๊ฐ, ๊ณ ์์ด์ ์คํฌ๋กํธ๋ฆญ์ค์ฆ์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ฐํน ๊ฑฐ๋ด์ ๋ ์์ค๋ ๊ฒฐํ์ฆ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ ๋ก๋ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ๊ณ ์์ด๋ ์์ค๋ ์ค๋ ์ ๋งค์ฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ๋ฏ๋ก ๊ณ ์์ด์๊ฒ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ ผ๋์ ์ฌ์ง๊ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค.
์์ฉ ๊ธฐ์ : The exact mechanism of action for treating actinobacillosis and sporotrichosis is unknown. * Iodides possess little to no direct *in vitro* antimicrobial or antifungal activity. * They are believed to act by modifying the **granulomatous inflammatory process**. * **Proposed mechanism:** Iodides may enhance **phagocytosis** by macrophages or alter the immune response within granulomas, facilitating the breakdown of granulomatous tissue and allowing the body's immune system to clear the infection.
๋๋ฌผ ์ข ๋ณ ์ฉ๋
- Actinobacillosis ยท 70 mg/kg IV given as a 10% or 20% solution ยท IV ยท repeat at least one more time at a 7-10 day interval ยท Refractory cases may require more frequent (2-3 day intervals) treatment.
- Actinobacillosis ยท 70 mg/kg IV given as a 10% or 20% solution ยท IV ยท repeat at least one more time at a 7-10 day interval ยท Refractory cases may require more frequent (2-3 day intervals) treatment.
- Sporotrichosis ยท 20 mg/kg PO q12-24h ยท PO ยท q12-24h ยท at least 60 days
- Sporotrichosis ยท 20 mg/kg PO q12-24h ยท PO ยท q12-24h ยท Using SSKI; give with food. Itraconazole is less likely to cause adverse effects.
- Actinobacillosis (woody tongue) ยท 70 mg/kg IV given as a 10% or 20% solution ยท IV ยท repeat at least one more time at a 7-10 day interval ยท Refractory cases may require more frequent (2-3 day intervals) treatment. Severe cases may require adjunctive antibiotics.
- Sporotrichosis ยท 20-40 mg/kg PO daily ยท PO ยท q24h ยท several weeks ยท Sodium iodide
- Sporotrichosis ยท Loading dose of sodium iodide at 20-40 mg/kg IV for 2-5 days, then 20-40 mg/kg PO once daily ยท IV, PO ยท q24h ยท at least 3 weeks after all clinical lesions disappear ยท May administer via oral syringe or mixed in sweet feed. Topical hot packs of 20% sodium iodide may be used on open wounds.
- Conidiobolomycosis ยท 20% sodium iodide at 44 mg/kg IV for 7 days, then ethylenediamine dihydroiodide at 1.3 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 months, then q24h for 1 year, then once per week ยท IV, PO ยท Variable ยท Over 1 year ยท Excessive lacrimation occasionally noted, but resolved if the drug was held for one day.
- Sporotrichosis ยท 40 mg/kg PO q8h ยท PO ยท q8h ยท at least 60 days ยท Using SSKI
- Sporotrichosis ยท 40 mg/kg PO q12h ยท PO ยท q12h ยท Using SSKI; give with food. Itraconazole is less likely to have adverse effects.
์ฉ๋์ ๋ฉดํ ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์์ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์๋ฃ์ ๋๋ค. ํญ์ ์ต์ ๋ผ๋ฒจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ณ ํ์์ ๋ํด ํ์ธํ์ญ์์ค.
ํฌ์ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ก
๊ธ๊ธฐ
- Known iodide hypersensitivity
- Lactating animals (excreted in milk)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Renal failure
- Severe dehydration
- Pregnancy (may cause abortion in cattle)
์ด์๋ฐ์
- Excessive tearing (epiphora)
- Vomiting and nausea
- Anorexia / inappetence
- Nasal discharge
- Muscle twitching
- Cardiomyopathy
- Scaly haircoats and dandruff
- Hyperthermia
- Decreased milk production
- Decreased weight gain
- Coughing
- Diarrhea
- Goiter (especially in foals from supplemented mares)
- Cardiovascular failure (in severe toxicity)
์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ํธ์์ฉ
- Antithyroid medications ยท Iodides may decrease the efficacy of antithyroid medications.
- Thyroid supplements ยท Iodides may enhance the efficacy of thyroid medications.
๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of granulomatous lesions)
- Signs of iodism (excessive tearing, nasal discharge, scaly haircoats/dandruff, hyperthermia, coughing, diarrhea)
- Thyroid function (if used long-term)
๊ณผ์ฉ๋
Excessive iodine accumulation leads to a toxic syndrome known as **iodism**. * **Clinical Signs:** Excessive tearing (epiphora), vomiting, anorexia, nasal discharge, muscle twitching, cardiomyopathy, scaly haircoats/dandruff, hyperthermia, decreased milk production and weight gain, coughing, inappetence, and diarrhea. * **Species Sensitivity:** Cats are particularly prone to developing iodism. Young animals may be more susceptible than adults. Foals have developed goiter when mares were excessively supplemented. * **Severe Toxicity:** Can progress to depression, hypothermia, and cardiovascular failure.
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