스타노졸롤

단백동화 스테로이드

**스타노졸롤(Stanozolol)**은 테스토스테론에서 파생된 합성 **단백동화 스테로이드(AAS)**입니다. 역사적으로 수의학에서 식욕 증진, 체중 증가 촉진, 체력 및 활력 증가, 만성 질환과 관련된 빈혈 치료에 널리 사용되었습니다. 미국 내 FDA 승인 상용 제품(예: Winstrol®-V)은 더 이상 시판되지 않지만, 수의학 조제 약국을 통해 약물을 구할 수 있습니다. > **임상적 주의사항:** 스타노졸롤은 고양이에서 **간독성** 발생률이 매우 높은 것으로 악명이 높습니다. 절대적으로 필요한 경우가 아니라면 고양이 환자에게 사용하는 것은 강력히 권장되지 않으며, 극도의 주의와 엄격한 모니터링이 필요합니다. 내인성 테스토스테론에 비해 단백동화 대 안드로겐 비율이 높지만, 특히 장기간 사용하거나 고용량을 투여할 경우 안드로겐 부작용(행동 변화 및 생식 억제 등)이 여전히 발생할 수 있습니다. 인간의 오남용 가능성 때문에 **통제 약물(향정신성의약품)**로 분류됩니다.

작용 기전: Stanozolol is highly lipophilic and diffuses across the cell membrane to bind with intracellular **androgen receptors**. * **Anabolic Pathway:** The receptor-hormone complex translocates to the nucleus → binds to specific DNA sequences (hormone response elements) → modulates transcription of target genes → increases **protein synthesis** (anabolism), promotes a positive nitrogen balance, and induces muscle hypertrophy. * **Erythropoietic Pathway:** Stimulates the production of **erythropoietin** in the kidneys → stimulates bone marrow → increases red blood cell production (useful in treating anemia of chronic disease). * **Fibrinolytic Pathway:** Enhances fibrinolysis after parenteral injection, which provides a theoretical basis for its use in treating feline aortic thromboembolism or thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome.

동물 종별 용량

Sheep

For acute or subacute aflatoxicosis in ruminants · Stanozolol 2 mg/kg IM (plus activated charcoal 6.7 mg/kg as a 30% w/v slurry in M/15, pH 7 phosphate buffer). · IM · Single dose · Do not combine with oxytetracycline therapy.

Goats

For acute or subacute aflatoxicosis in ruminants · Stanozolol 2 mg/kg IM (plus activated charcoal 6.7 mg/kg as a 30% w/v slurry in M/15, pH 7 phosphate buffer). · IM · Single dose · Do not combine with oxytetracycline therapy.

Cats

As an anabolic agent per labeled indications · 1-2 mg PO twice daily; or 25 mg deep IM, may repeat weekly. · PO/IM · q12h (PO) or weekly (IM) · Several weeks, depending on response · EXTREME CAUTION: High incidence of hepatotoxicity in cats.

Ferrets

General therapeutics · 0.5 mg/kg PO or SC twice daily · PO/SC · q12h · Use with caution in hepatic disease.

Horses

As an anabolic agent per labeled indications · 0.55 mg/kg (25 mg per 100 pounds of body weight) IM deeply. May repeat weekly for up to and including 4 weeks. · IM · weekly · Up to 4 weeks · ARCI UCGFS Class 4 Drug. Contraindicated in breeding stallions and food animals.

Birds

As an anabolic agent to promote weight gain and recovery from disease · 0.5-1 mL/kg (25-50 mg/kg) IM once or twice weekly. · IM · Once or twice weekly · Use with caution in birds with renal disease.

투여 경로

POIMSC

금기

Pregnant animals (Category X - teratogenic)
Breeding stallions
Food-producing animals
Patients with hepatic dysfunction
Patients with hypercalcemia
Patients with a history of myocardial infarction
Patients with pituitary insufficiency
Patients with prostate carcinoma or benign prostatic hypertrophy
Patients with mammary carcinoma
During the nephrotic stage of nephritis

이상반응

Hepatotoxicity (especially high incidence in cats)
Sodium, calcium, potassium, water, chloride, and phosphate retention
Behavioral changes (androgenic effects such as increased aggression)
Reproductive abnormalities (oligospermia, estrus suppression)
Mild androgenic effects (usually only at high doses or prolonged use)

약물 상호작용

Anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin) · Anabolic agents may potentiate the effects of anticoagulants; monitoring of INR/PT and dosage adjustment of the anticoagulant are recommended.
Corticosteroids · Anabolics may enhance the edema that can be associated with ACTH or adrenal steroid therapy.
Insulin · Anabolics may decrease blood glucose and decrease insulin requirements; diabetic patients receiving insulin may need dosage adjustments.

모니터링

Androgenic side effects (behavioral changes)
Fluid and electrolyte status (especially in cardiac/renal patients)
Liver function tests (crucial in cats)
RBC count and indices (if treating anemia)
Weight and appetite

과용량

No specific information was located for this agent in veterinary species. In humans, **sodium and water retention** can occur after overdosage of anabolic steroids. **Treatment:** Treat supportively and monitor liver function should an inadvertent overdose be administered.

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