테스토스테론

안드로겐 호르몬

**테스토스테론 (Testosterone)** 은 주요 내인성 안드로겐 스테로이드로, 수의학에서는 주로 특정 호르몬 및 생식 관련 목적을 위해 주사용 에스테르 제제가 제한적으로 사용됩니다. - **소동물**: 주로 중성화된 수컷 개와 고양이의 **호르몬 반응성 요실금** 치료에 사용됩니다. 드물게 중성화된 수컷 개의 특정 양측성 탈모(피부염) 치료에도 사용됩니다. - **대동물**: 소 임상에서는 발정 탐지용(teaser) 소를 만드는 데 사용됩니다. - **임상 팁**: 가축의 성욕 증가나 불임 치료 목적으로의 효과는 일반적으로 실망스러운 편입니다. - **규제**: 테스토스테론 제품은 단백동화 스테로이드로 분류되어 **통제 약물(C-III)**에 속합니다.

작용 기전: Testosterone is highly lipophilic and diffuses across target cell membranes. In many tissues, it is converted by **5-alpha-reductase** → **dihydrotestosterone (DHT)**. Both testosterone and DHT bind to intracellular **androgen receptors** → the receptor complex translocates to the nucleus → binds to DNA hormone response elements → modulates gene transcription. - **Urethral Tone**: Helps maintain normal urethral muscle tone and mucosal integrity in neutered males. - **Anabolic Effects**: Increases protein anabolism and decreases catabolism → retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. - **Erythropoiesis**: Stimulates **erythropoietic stimulating factor (erythropoietin)** → increases red blood cell production. - **Endocrine Feedback**: Large exogenous doses exert negative feedback on the pituitary gland → inhibits **luteinizing hormone (LH)** and **follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)** → inhibits spermatogenesis.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Infertility or reduced libido · 0.1-1 mg every other day or every third day for 3-5 injections IM or SC. Not indicated for testis descent. · IM/SC · every other day or every third day · 3-5 injections · Using either testosterone cypionate or propionate
Testosterone-responsive urinary incontinence (may be used with phenylpropanolamine) in males · Testosterone propionate 5-10 mg IM as needed. · IM · as needed

Cattle

To produce an estrus-detector (teaser) animal (cull cows, heifers, steers) · Testosterone propionate 200 mg IM on day 1 and on days 4-9. On day 10, give 1 gram IM and attach a chinball marker and put with the breeding herd. To maintain the teaser give 1 gram booster every 10-14 days. · IM · varies
To produce an estrus-detector (teaser) animal (cull cows, heifers, steers) · Alternatively, initially give testosterone enanthate 0.5 gram IM and 1.5 gram SC (divided in two separate locations). After 4 days attach chinball marker and put in with breeding herd. To maintain, give 0.5-0.75 gram SC every 10-14 days. · IM/SC · varies

Dogs

Testosterone-responsive urinary incontinence (may be used with phenylpropanolamine) in males · Testosterone propionate: approximately 2 mg/kg IM or SC 3 times per week. Testosterone cypionate: 200 mg IM once per month · IM/SC · 3 times per week / once per month
Testosterone-responsive urinary incontinence · Testosterone propionate: 2.2 mg/kg IM q2-3 days. Testosterone cypionate: 2.2 mg/kg IM once per month · IM · q2-3 days / once per month

투여 경로

IMSCPOTransdermalBuccal

금기

Known hypersensitivity to the drug
Prostate carcinoma
Pregnancy (FDA Category X / Papich Class D)

이상반응

Perianal adenomas
Perineal hernias
Prostatic disorders (enlargement)
Behavior changes (aggression)
Polycythemia (at high doses)
Oligospermia or infertility (in intact males with chronic use)

약물 상호작용

Corticosteroids · May enhance the edema associated with ACTH or adrenal steroid therapy
Insulin / Oral Antidiabetic Agents · Testosterone may decrease serum glucose levels
Propranolol · Testosterone cypionate may increase propranolol clearance
Warfarin · Testosterone may increase anticoagulant effects

모니터링

Clinical efficacy (resolution of incontinence, estrus detection behavior)
Adverse effects (prostatic enlargement, aggression, perineal hernias)
Hematocrit/PCV (for polycythemia with chronic use)

과용량

No specific acute toxicity information is available. - **Chronic Overdose**: High dosages or chronic usage may result in oligospermia or infertility in intact males due to negative feedback on LH/FSH. - **Other Effects**: Polycythemia (excessive red blood cells) has been reported in humans receiving high dosages. - **Treatment**: Discontinue therapy and provide supportive care. Monitor hematocrit and prostatic size.

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