테트라사이클린

동물 종별 용량

투여 경로

금기

• Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines
• Pregnancy (last half) - retards fetal skeletal development and discolors teeth
• Young, growing animals (unless benefits outweigh risks)

이상반응

• Gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea)
• Discoloration of developing teeth and bones (yellow/brown/gray)
• Delayed bone growth and healing in young animals
• Superinfections (bacterial or fungal overgrowth)
• Photosensitivity
• Urolith formation (with long-term use in dogs)
• Hepatotoxicity and blood dyscrasias (rare)
• Cats: Colic, fever, hair loss, depression (poorly tolerated)
• Horses: Severe diarrhea (especially if stressed)
• Ruminants: Ruminal microflora depression and stasis (high oral doses)
• Injection site reactions (IM): Local necrosis and yellow staining

약물 상호작용

• Atovaquone · Tetracyclines may decrease atovaquone levels.
• Beta-lactam or Aminoglycoside Antibiotics · Theoretical antagonism of bactericidal activity, though clinical significance is doubtful.
• Digoxin · May increase bioavailability of digoxin, potentially causing toxicity that persists for months.
• Divalent or Trivalent Cations (Antacids, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Zinc, Bismuth) · Chelation occurs, significantly decreasing the absorption of tetracycline. Separate doses by at least 1-2 hours.
• Methoxyflurane · Concomitant use can cause fatal nephrotoxicity.
• Sucralfate · May impair oral absorption of tetracycline; separate dosing by at least 2 hours.
• Warfarin · May depress plasma prothrombin activity; anticoagulant dosage adjustment may be needed.

모니터링

• Adverse effects (GI signs, injection site reactions)
• Clinical efficacy
• Periodic renal, hepatic, and hematologic evaluations (with long-term use or in susceptible patients)

과용량

Tetracyclines are generally well tolerated after acute overdoses. * **Oral Overdose**: Most likely associated with GI disturbances (vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea). Monitor fluids and electrolytes if severe emesis/diarrhea occurs. * **Chronic Overdose**: May lead to drug accumulation and nephrotoxicity. * **Ruminants**: High oral doses can cause ruminal microflora depression and ruminoreticular stasis. * **IV Overdose/Rapid Injection**: Rapid IV injection can induce transient collapse and cardiac arrhythmias, presumably due to chelation with intravascular calcium ions. If rapid IV administration is necessary, pre-treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate is recommended by some clinicians.