ํ ์คํ๋ฆฐ
**ํ ์คํ๋ฆฐ(Theophylline)**์ ์ฃผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ ๊ณ ์์ด์ ์๊ธฐ๋ ์งํ ๊ด๋ฆฌ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ๋ฉํธํฌ์ฐํด๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ด์ง ํ์ฅ์ ์ ๋๋ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด์ง ํ์ฅ, ์ ์ก์ฌ๋ชจ ์ฒญ์์จ ํฅ์, ํธํก ์ค์ถ ์๊ทน, PaCO2์ ๋ํ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋ ์ฆ๊ฐ, ํก๊ฒฉ๋ง ์์ถ๋ ฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ, ๋น๋ง ์ธํฌ ์์ ํ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ ์์ถ๋ ฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค. ๋ํ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ ๋ก ์์ฉํ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ด ์ด๋จ ์์ฉ์ ํฉ๋๋ค. > **์์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ :** ํ ์คํ๋ฆฐ์ **์น๋ฃ ์ง์๊ฐ ๋ฎ์ผ๋ฏ๋ก**(์น๋ฃ ํ์ฅ ๋๋ 5-20 ยตg/ml), ๋ ์ฑ์ ํผํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ฐ๋์ **์ ์ง๋ฐฉ ์ฒด์ค(lean body weight)**์ ๊ธฐ์ค์ผ๋ก ํฌ์ฌํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
์์ฉ ๊ธฐ์ : Causes inhibition of **phosphodiesterase** enzymes and antagonism of **adenosine** and prostaglandin receptors โ increased intracellular cAMP โ smooth muscle relaxation and **bronchodilation**. It also alters intracellular calcium and stimulates catecholamine release, providing mild inotropic and diuretic effects.
๋๋ฌผ ์ข ๋ณ ์ฉ๋
- Bronchodilation ยท 20 mg/kg or 10-15 mg/kg ยท PO ยท q24h or q12h ยท Continuous ยท 20 mg/kg p.o. q24h or 10 mg/kg p.o. q12h which may be increased to 15 mg/kg p.o. q12h if no side effects on lower dose. Manufacturer only recommends q24h dosing. Some texts indicate q12h dosing of the sustained-release preparation is required to maintain therapeutic serum levels.
- Bronchodilation ยท 15-19 mg/kg ยท PO ยท q24h ยท Continuous ยท Sustained-release preparation.
์ฉ๋์ ๋ฉดํ ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์์ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์๋ฃ์ ๋๋ค. ํญ์ ์ต์ ๋ผ๋ฒจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ณ ํ์์ ๋ํด ํ์ธํ์ญ์์ค.
ํฌ์ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ก
๊ธ๊ธฐ
- Patients with a known history of arrhythmias
- Patients with a known history of seizures
์ด์๋ฐ์
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria
- Reduced appetite
- Tachycardia
- Arrhythmias
- Nausea
- Twitching
- Restlessness
- Agitation
- Excitement
- Convulsions
- Hyperaesthesia (cats)
์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ํธ์์ฉ
- Cimetidine ยท May increase serum levels of theophylline ยท major
- Diltiazem ยท May increase serum levels of theophylline ยท moderate
- Erythromycin ยท May increase serum levels of theophylline ยท moderate
- Fluoroquinolones ยท May increase serum levels of theophylline ยท moderate
- Allopurinol ยท May increase serum levels of theophylline ยท moderate
- Phenobarbital ยท May decrease serum concentration of theophylline ยท moderate
- Pancuronium ยท Theophylline may decrease the effects of pancuronium ยท moderate
- Beta-adrenergic blockers (e.g., propranolol) ยท May antagonize each other's effects ยท moderate
- Halothane ยท Increased incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias ยท major
- Ketamine ยท Increased incidence of seizures ยท major
๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง
- Serum theophylline concentrations (therapeutic target: 5-20 ยตg/ml)
- Heart rate and rhythm
- Clinical signs of toxicity (vomiting, agitation, seizures)
๊ณผ์ฉ๋
**Clinical Pearl:** Overdose leads to severe arrhythmias, seizures, vomiting, and hypokalemia. Treatment is supportive: perform gastric decontamination if ingestion was recent, control seizures with diazepam or phenobarbital, treat arrhythmias as indicated, and monitor electrolytes closely.
VetSheet ์ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ ํผ๋ฐ์ค๋ ๋ฉดํ ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์์ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ ๋ฌธ์ ํ๋จ์ด๋ ์ ์กฐ์ฌ์ ์ต์ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์ ๋์ ํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค.