티아민 (비타민 B1)
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Thiamine hydrochloride
다른 이름: Thiamilate · Horse Care Durvit B-1 Crumbles · Thia-Dex · Vitamin B-1 Powder · Vitamin B1 · Aneurine hydrochloride · Thiamin hydrochloride · Thiamine chloride · Thiamini hydrochloridum · Thiaminii chloridum · Thiamine hydrochloride
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
동물 종별 용량
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
개
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiamine deficiency | 5-50 mg | IM, SC, or IV | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 1-2 mg | IM | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 2 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 100-250 mg | SC | twice daily | for several days until regression of symptoms with complete recovery | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment for ethylene glycol toxicity | 100 mg/day | PO | daily | — | 🌎 NA |
- Thiamine deficiency: Depending on formulation
고양이
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiamine deficiency | 100-250 mg | parenterally | twice a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 10-20 mg/kg | IM | Not specified | for several days | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of hepatic lipidosis | 100 mg of thiamine in one liter of crystalloid fluids | IV | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 100-250 mg | SC | twice daily | for several days until regression of symptoms with complete recovery | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 10-20 mg/kg IM or SC two to three times daily until signs abate, then 10 mg/kg PO once daily | IM, SC, PO | two to three times daily, then once daily | 21 days for PO phase | 🌎 NA |
- Thiamine deficiency: Experimentally, as little as 1 mg is effective
- Adjunctive treatment of hepatic lipidosis: With additional soluble B vitamins. Indicated if neck ventroflexion is present.
소형 포유류
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prophylaxis when animals with E. macusaniensis treated with amprolium for >5 days (Camelids) | 10 mg/kg | SC | q24h | after the 5th day of amprolium | 🌎 NA |
- Prophylaxis when animals with E. macusaniensis treated with amprolium for >5 days (Camelids): For Camelids (NWC)
말
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiamine deficiency | 0.5-5 mg/kg | IV, IM or PO | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 100-1000 mg | IM, SC, or IV | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of perinatal asphyxia syndrome (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy) | 1 gram in one liter of fluids | IV | once a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| As part of a parenteral nutrition (PN) formula | 1-2 mL/45 kg daily | IV | daily | — | 🌎 NA |
- Thiamine deficiency: Depending on formulation
- Adjunctive treatment of perinatal asphyxia syndrome (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy): For Foals
- As part of a parenteral nutrition (PN) formula: Using a specific B complex vitamin mix (thiamine 12.5 mg/mL) diluted in fluids or PN.
소
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polioencephalomalacia | Initially, 10 mg/kg IV; then, 10 mg/kg IM twice daily | IV, IM | twice daily | 2-3 days | 🌎 NA |
| Polioencephalomalacia | 10-20 mg/kg | IM or SC | 3 times daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Polioencephalomalacia | 10 mg/kg | IV, IM | up to 4 times a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy of lead poisoning | 2 mg/kg | IM | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
- Polioencephalomalacia: If no improvement within 4 days, may be advisable to recommend slaughter.
- Polioencephalomalacia: If giving IV dilute in isotonic saline or isotonic dextrose.
- Polioencephalomalacia: First dose may be given via slow IV and subsequent doses IM. Severely affected animals may benefit from corticosteroids and mannitol.
- Adjunctive therapy of lead poisoning: Given at same time as CaEDTA therapy; total daily dose 8 mg/kg
돼지
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiamine deficiency | 5-100 mg | IM, SC, or IV | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
- Thiamine deficiency: Depending on formulation
양
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polioencephalomalacia | Initially, 10 mg/kg IV; then, 10 mg/kg IM twice daily | IV, IM | twice daily | 2-3 days | 🌎 NA |
| Thiamine deficiency | 20-200 mg | IM, SC, or IV | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
- Polioencephalomalacia: If no improvement within 4 days, may be advisable to recommend slaughter.
- Thiamine deficiency: Depending on formulation
염소
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polioencephalomalacia | Initially, 10 mg/kg IV; then, 10 mg/kg IM twice daily | IV, IM | twice daily | 2-3 days | 🌎 NA |
- Polioencephalomalacia: If no improvement within 4 days, may be advisable to recommend slaughter.
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
티아민(비타민 B1)은 탄수화물 대사와 정상적인 신경 기능에 필수적인 수용성 비타민입니다.
주요 임상 포인트:
- 결핍 원인: 소동물의 경우 주로 부적절한 식이 섭취(예: 영양제가 첨가되지 않은 육류 위주의 식단, 고열로 파괴된 상업용 사료) 또는 티아미나아제가 함유된 음식(예: 날생선) 섭취로 인해 발생합니다. 반추동물의 경우 티아미나아제를 생성하는 반추위 세균이나 고사리 같은 티아미나아제 함유 식물 섭취에 의해 이차적으로 발생하여 회백뇌연화증(PEM)을 유발합니다.
- 임상 증상: 위장관 문제(식욕 부진, 유연), 중증 신경근/중추신경계 증상(운동 실조, 발작, 고양이의 목 복측 굴곡, 반사 소실) 또는 부정맥으로 나타납니다.
- 보조적 용도: 에틸렌 글리콜 중독(독성 옥살산염 생성을 피하기 위한 대사 경로 우회) 및 납 중독 관리에 자주 사용됩니다.
- 임상 팁: 뇌는 탄수화물 대사에 크게 의존하므로 중추신경계는 티아민 결핍에 매우 민감하며, 신경 증상이 나타날 때 신속한 보충이 필수적입니다.
작용 기전
Thiamine is actively transported into cells where it combines with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form thiamine diphosphate (thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP).
- Enzymatic Co-factor: TPP is an essential coenzyme for several key metabolic enzymes, including pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (both critical for the Krebs cycle/aerobic energy production), and transketolase (pentose phosphate pathway).
- Metabolic Pathway: Glucose → Pyruvate. Without TPP, pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA.
- Pathophysiology of Deficiency: Diminished NADH production forces the cell into anaerobic glycolysis, converting accumulated pyruvic acid into lactic acid → Lactic acidosis and cellular energy failure (especially in high-demand tissues like the brain and heart).
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Known hypersensitivity to thiamine or any of its components
부작용
- Hypersensitivity or anaphylactic reactions (rare)
- Vasovagal anaphylactic response in cats (cardiac arrest, severe bradycardia, apnea, hypotension, collapse) when given SC (rare)
- Injection site tenderness or muscle soreness (IM)
- Pain at the injection site (IM/SC)
- Anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity reactions (primarily with rapid IV administration)
주의
Anaphylaxis Warning: Hypersensitivity reactions, though rare, can occur. A severe vasovagal anaphylactic response has been noted in a small number of cats following subcutaneous administration.
- Administration: Intravenous administration should be performed slowly or diluted in fluids to minimize adverse cardiovascular reactions.
- Laboratory Interference: May cause false-positive serum uric acid results (phosphotungstate method) and urobilinogen urine spot tests (Ehrlich's reagent). Large doses may interfere with theophylline concentration assays (Schack and Wexler method).
약물 상호작용
Thiamine may enhance the activity of neuromuscular blocking agents; clinical significance is unknown.
모니터링
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of neurologic, gastrointestinal, or cardiac signs)
- Electrolyte levels (potassium, phosphate, magnesium) if treating conditions like feline hepatic lipidosis
- Resolution of clinical signs of thiamine deficiency (e.g., neurological improvement)
- Dietary intake and nutritional balance
약동학
반감기
흡수
Thiamine is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
분포
Widely distributed to most body tissues.
대사
Metabolized by the liver.
배설
Elimination is primarily renal, with the majority of the drug eliminated as metabolites.
과다투여
Very large doses of thiamine in laboratory animals have been associated with neuromuscular or ganglionic blockade, though the clinical significance in veterinary patients is unknown.
- Massive Doses: May cause hypotension and respiratory depression.
- Lethal Dose: A lethal dose of 350 mg/kg has been reported.
- Treatment: Generally, no specific treatment is required for most overdoses due to its water-soluble nature and rapid renal excretion.
제품
제형
- Injection: 100 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL, 500 mg/mL
- Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg
- Enteric Coated Tablets: 20 mg
- Oral Powder/Crumbles/Supplement
- Injectable: 100 mg/ml solution
- Oral: various tablets, capsules, and liquids
동물용의약품
- Thiamine HCl for Injection: 200 mg/mL in 100 mL and 250 mL vials
- Thiamine HCl for Injection: 500 mg/mL in 100 mL vials
- Thiamine HCl Dietary Supplement: 8,200 mg per lb (Horse Care Durvit B-1 Crumbles)
- Thiamine HCl Supplement: 500 mg/oz (Thia-Dex, Vitamin B-1 Powder)
- 100 mg/ml injectable solution (authorized for farm animals)
인용의약품
- Thiamine Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg & 250 mg
- Thiamine Enteric Coated Tablets: 20 mg (Thiamilate)
- Thiamine HCl Injection: 100 mg/mL in 1 mL and 2 mL vials
- Various oral supplements (tablets, capsules)
규제 현황
투여 중단 기간: cattle meat 0 days · cattle milk 0 hours
Injectable formulations are authorized for veterinary use in farm animals (POM-V). Oral forms are widely available on general sale.
투여 중단 기간: cattle meat 0 days · cattle milk 0 hours
Injectable formulations are POM-V (authorized for farm animals), while various oral formulations are available on general sale.
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Protect from light and store at temperatures less than 40°C (preferably between 15-30°C); avoid freezing. Thiamine HCl is unstable in alkaline or neutral solutions, or with oxidizing/reducing agents. It is most stable at a pH of 2.
보호자 정보
- 식이 관리: 반려동물에게 균형 잡힌 상업용 사료를 급여하십시오. 날생선이나 생고기 위주의 식단은 티아민을 파괴하여 심각한 결핍을 초래할 수 있으므로 피해야 합니다.
- 투약: 수의사가 티아민을 처방한 경우 지시대로 정확하게 투여하십시오. 복용을 건너뛰지 마십시오.
- 관찰: 반려동물에게 쇠약, 비틀거림, 발작의 징후가 보이거나 고양이의 머리가 가슴 쪽으로 처지는(목 복측 굴곡) 증상이 나타나면 즉시 수의사에게 연락하십시오.
- 원인 조사: 재발을 방지하기 위해 결핍 원인(식이, 특정 식물 접근성, 날생선 등)에 대한 역학 조사를 실시하고 필요한 조치를 취해야 합니다.
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