티아민 (비타민 B1)

영양 보충제 / 비타민 B군

티아민(비타민 B1)은 탄수화물 대사와 정상적인 신경 기능에 필수적인 수용성 비타민입니다. **주요 임상 포인트:** * **결핍 원인:** 소동물의 경우 주로 부적절한 식이 섭취(예: 영양제가 첨가되지 않은 육류 위주의 식단, 고열로 파괴된 상업용 사료) 또는 티아미나아제가 함유된 음식(예: 날생선) 섭취로 인해 발생합니다. 반추동물의 경우 티아미나아제를 생성하는 반추위 세균이나 고사리 같은 티아미나아제 함유 식물 섭취에 의해 이차적으로 발생하여 **회백뇌연화증(PEM)**을 유발합니다. * **임상 증상:** 위장관 문제(식욕 부진, 유연), 중증 신경근/중추신경계 증상(운동 실조, 발작, 고양이의 목 복측 굴곡, 반사 소실) 또는 부정맥으로 나타납니다. * **보조적 용도:** **에틸렌 글리콜 중독**(독성 옥살산염 생성을 피하기 위한 대사 경로 우회) 및 **납 중독** 관리에 자주 사용됩니다. * **임상 팁:** 뇌는 탄수화물 대사에 크게 의존하므로 중추신경계는 티아민 결핍에 매우 민감하며, 신경 증상이 나타날 때 신속한 보충이 필수적입니다.

작용 기전: Thiamine is actively transported into cells where it combines with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form **thiamine diphosphate (thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP)**. * **Enzymatic Co-factor:** TPP is an essential coenzyme for several key metabolic enzymes, including **pyruvate dehydrogenase**, **alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase** (both critical for the Krebs cycle/aerobic energy production), and **transketolase** (pentose phosphate pathway). * **Metabolic Pathway:** Glucose → Pyruvate. Without TPP, pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA. * **Pathophysiology of Deficiency:** Diminished NADH production forces the cell into anaerobic glycolysis, converting accumulated pyruvic acid into lactic acid → **Lactic acidosis** and cellular energy failure (especially in high-demand tissues like the brain and heart).

동물 종별 용량

Sheep

Polioencephalomalacia · Initially, 10 mg/kg IV; then, 10 mg/kg IM twice daily · IV, IM · twice daily · 2-3 days · If no improvement within 4 days, may be advisable to recommend slaughter.
Thiamine deficiency · 20-200 mg · IM, SC, or IV · Not specified · Depending on formulation

Goats

Polioencephalomalacia · Initially, 10 mg/kg IV; then, 10 mg/kg IM twice daily · IV, IM · twice daily · 2-3 days · If no improvement within 4 days, may be advisable to recommend slaughter.

Cats

Thiamine deficiency · 100-250 mg · parenterally · twice a day · Experimentally, as little as 1 mg is effective
Thiamine deficiency · 10-20 mg/kg · IM · Not specified · for several days
Adjunctive treatment of hepatic lipidosis · 100 mg of thiamine in one liter of crystalloid fluids · IV · Not specified · With additional soluble B vitamins. Indicated if neck ventroflexion is present.
Thiamine deficiency · 100-250 mg · SC · twice daily · for several days until regression of symptoms with complete recovery
Thiamine deficiency · 10-20 mg/kg IM or SC two to three times daily until signs abate, then 10 mg/kg PO once daily · IM, SC, PO · two to three times daily, then once daily · 21 days for PO phase

Cattle

투여 경로

POIMIVSC

금기

Known hypersensitivity to thiamine or any of its components
Known hypersensitivity to thiamine

이상반응

Hypersensitivity or anaphylactic reactions (rare)
Vasovagal anaphylactic response in cats (cardiac arrest, severe bradycardia, apnea, hypotension, collapse) when given SC (rare)
Injection site tenderness or muscle soreness (IM)
Pain at the injection site (IM/SC)
Anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity reactions (primarily with rapid IV administration)

약물 상호작용

Neuromuscular blocking agents · Thiamine may enhance the activity of neuromuscular blocking agents; clinical significance is unknown. · minor

모니터링

Clinical efficacy (resolution of neurologic, gastrointestinal, or cardiac signs)
Electrolyte levels (potassium, phosphate, magnesium) if treating conditions like feline hepatic lipidosis
Resolution of clinical signs of thiamine deficiency (e.g., neurological improvement)
Dietary intake and nutritional balance

과용량

Very large doses of thiamine in laboratory animals have been associated with **neuromuscular or ganglionic blockade**, though the clinical significance in veterinary patients is unknown. * **Massive Doses:** May cause hypotension and respiratory depression. * **Lethal Dose:** A lethal dose of 350 mg/kg has been reported. * **Treatment:** Generally, no specific treatment is required for most overdoses due to its water-soluble nature and rapid renal excretion.

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