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티오펜탈 나트륨

Thiopental Sodium

Thiopental sodium

초단기 작용 티오바르비투르산계 마취제IVIP고양이소형 포유류돼지염소

다른 이름: Pentothal · Anesthal · Bensulf · Farmotal · Hipnopento · Inductal · Intraval · Nesdonal · Pensodital · Sandothal · Sodipental · Thionembutal · Thiopentax · Tiobarbital · Trapanal · Thiopentone sodium · natrium isopentylaethylthiobarbituricum · penthiobarbital sodique · thiomebumalnatrium cum natrii carbonate · thiopentalum natricum · thiopentobarbitalum solubile · tiopentol sodico

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

13.2-26.4 mg/kgIV· once· depending on duration of anesthesia required
🐕

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Anesthesia13.2-26.4 mg/kgIVoncedepending on duration of anesthesia required🌎 NA
Brief anesthesia (7-10 minutes)15-17 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Moderate anesthesia (10-15 minutes)18-22 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Longer anesthesia (15-25 minutes)22-29 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia (unpremedicated)22 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia (after tranquilization)15.4 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia (after narcotic premedication)11 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia induction12-15 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
  • Anesthesia induction: One-third administered rapidly, additional amount to effect

고양이

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Anesthesia13.2-26.4 mg/kgIVoncedepending on duration of anesthesia required🌎 NA
Anesthesia (unpremedicated)22 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia (after tranquilization)15.4 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia (after narcotic premedication)11 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia induction12-15 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
  • Anesthesia induction: One-third administered rapidly, additional amount to effect

소형 포유류

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Anesthesia (Rabbits)15-30 mg/kgIVto effect🌎 NA
Anesthesia (Rabbits)10-12 mg/kgIVto effect🌎 NA
Chemical restraint (Mice)50 mg/kgIPonce🌎 NA
Chemical restraint (Rats)40 mg/kgIPonce🌎 NA
Chemical restraint (Hamsters/Gerbils)30-40 mg/kgIPonce🌎 NA
Chemical restraint (Guinea pig)15-30 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Chemical restraint (Rabbits)15-30 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Anesthesia (with preanesthetic tranquilization)6-12 mg/kg (average 8.25 mg/kg)IVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia (without preanesthetic tranquilization)8.8-15.4 mg/kg (average 9.9-11 mg/kg)IVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia (after xylazine or acepromazine)1 gram per 90 kg body weight as a 10% solutionIVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia (after sedation and guaifenesin)5.5 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia (after tranquilization)8.8-11 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
  • Anesthesia (after xylazine or acepromazine): Given evenly over 20 seconds, 15 minutes after premedication

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Anesthesia8.14-15.4 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Deep surgical anesthesia (unweaned calves fasted 6-12h)no more than 6.6 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia (calves under 2 weeks of age)15-22 mg/kgIVonce10-12 minutes🌎 NA
Anesthesia (after sedation and guaifenesin)5.5 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia (after tranquilization)8.8-11 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
  • Anesthesia (calves under 2 weeks of age): Administer slowly until complete muscular relaxation

돼지

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Anesthesia5.5-11 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
Anesthesia (swine weighing 5-50 kg)10-11 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Anesthesia9.9-15 mg/kgIVoncedepending on depth required🌎 NA

염소

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Anesthesia20-22 mg/kgIVonce🌎 NA
  • Anesthesia: Given after atropine (0.7 mg/kg) IM

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

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개요

티오펜탈 나트륨은 주로 전신 마취 유도 또는 매우 짧은 시술을 위한 단독 마취제로 사용되는 초단기 작용 티오바르비투르산계 약물입니다.

​임상 요점:​

  • ​재분포 역학:​ 작용 시간이 짧은 것(10-30분)은 빠른 대사 때문이 아니라 혈류가 풍부한 중추신경계에서 근육 및 지방 조직으로 빠르게 재분포되기 때문입니다.
  • ​시각 하운드 민감성:​ 그레이하운드 및 기타 시각 하운드는 대사 처리의 차이와 낮은 체지방으로 인해 회복이 지연됩니다. 프로포폴, 알팍살론 또는 메토헥시탈과 같은 대체 유도제가 일반적으로 선호됩니다.
  • ​조직 독성:​ 티오펜탈 용액은 강알칼리성(pH > 10)입니다. ​혈관 외 유출은 심각한 조직 자극 및 괴사를 유발합니다.​ 반드시 안전한 정맥 카테터를 통해 투여해야 합니다.
  • ​부정맥 유발:​ 심근을 카테콜아민에 민감하게 만들어 개에서 일시적인 심실 이단맥을 흔히 유발합니다.

작용 기전

Thiopental is a highly lipid-soluble thiobarbiturate.

  • ​Mechanism:​ It binds to the GABA_A receptor complex in the central nervous system.
  • ​Pathway:​ Binding → increases the duration of chloride ion channel opening → enhances chloride influx → hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuronal membrane → profound CNS depression, hypnosis, and anesthesia.
  • Due to its high lipid solubility, it rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier, resulting in anesthesia within 15-30 seconds of IV injection.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

  • Absence of suitable veins for IV administration (Absolute)
  • History of hypersensitivity to barbiturates (Absolute)
  • Status asthmaticus (Absolute)
  • Preexisting leukopenia in horses
  • Use with extreme caution or avoid in greyhounds and other sight hounds
  • Relative: Severe cardiovascular disease, ventricular arrhythmias, shock, increased intracranial pressure, myasthenia gravis, severe hepatic disease

부작용

  • Ventricular bigeminy (dogs)
  • Apnea (especially in cats)
  • Arterial hypotension
  • Excitement and severe ataxia during recovery (horses, if used alone)
  • Transient leukopenia and hyperglycemia (horses)
  • Vascular dilatation and hypoglycemia (with rapid IV administration)
  • Severe tissue necrosis (if administered perivascularly)
  • Prolonged recovery with repeated doses

주의

​WARNING:​ Thiopental is highly alkaline. Extravasation and intra-arterial injections must be strictly avoided to prevent severe tissue necrosis and CNS toxicity.

  • ​Sight Hounds:​ Greyhounds metabolize thiobarbiturates much more slowly; prolonged recoveries are common. Consider alternatives.
  • ​Administration:​ Give strictly to effect. Repeated doses accumulate and significantly prolong recovery.
  • ​Dilution:​ Do not use concentrations less than 2% in sterile water as they may cause hemolysis.
  • ​Pregnancy:​ Readily crosses the placental barrier; use with caution (FDA Category C).

약물 상호작용

Clonidine

IV clonidine prior to induction may reduce thiopental dosage requirements by up to 37%

CNS Depressants

May enhance respiratory and CNS depressant effects

Diazoxide

Potential for hypotension

Epinephrine / Norepinephrine

Ventricular fibrillatory effects may be potentiated when used with thiobarbiturates and halothane

Metoclopramide

Given prior to induction may reduce thiopental dosage requirements

Midazolam

May potentiate hypnotic effects

Opiates

Given prior to induction may reduce thiopental dosage requirements

Phenothiazines

May potentiate thiopental effects; hypotension possible

Probenecid

May displace thiopental from plasma proteins

Sulfonamides

Thiopental and sulfas may displace one another from plasma proteins

모니터링

  • Level of hypnosis/anesthesia
  • Respiratory status (rate, depth, apnea)
  • Cardiac status (heart rate, rhythm, blood pressure)

약동학

반감기

7 hours

흡수

Following IV injection, hypnosis and anesthesia occur within one minute (usually 15-30 seconds).

분포

Rapidly enters the CNS due to high lipid solubility, then redistributes to muscle and adipose tissue.

대사

Metabolized by the hepatic microsomal system into several metabolites.

배설

Very little of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine. Elimination half-life in dogs is approximately 7 hours (3-4 hours in sheep).

과다투여

Treatment of thiobarbiturate overdosage consists of:

  • ​Respiratory Support:​ Provide oxygen (O2) and mechanical ventilation.
  • ​Cardiovascular Support:​ Provide IV fluids and supportive care.

​Note:​ Do NOT use catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine) as they may induce fatal ventricular arrhythmias in the presence of thiobarbiturates.

제품

제형

  • Powder for injection: 2% (20 mg/mL)
  • Powder for injection: 2.5% (25 mg/mL)

동물용의약품

  • None presently being marketed in USA

인용의약품

  • Thiopental Sodium Powder for Injection: 2% (20 mg/mL)
  • Thiopental Sodium Powder for Injection: 2.5% (25 mg/mL)

규제 현황

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Dry form is stable indefinitely. Reconstitute only with sterile water, normal saline, or D5W. Concentrations <2% in sterile water should not be used (may cause hemolysis). Reconstituted solutions are stable for 3 days at room temperature and 7 days refrigerated; however, use within 24 hours is recommended as no preservative is present. Do not administer if a precipitate is visible.

보호자 정보

티오펜탈은 동물병원에서 수의학 전문가에 의해서만 사용되는 주사용 마취제입니다.

  • ​모니터링:​ 마취 중인 반려동물은 심박수, 호흡, 혈압 등을 포함하여 면밀히 모니터링됩니다.
  • ​회복:​ 마취에서 회복되는 데 몇 시간이 걸릴 수 있습니다. 특정 품종(특히 그레이하운드 및 기타 시각 하운드)은 회복 시간이 상당히 길어질 수 있습니다.
  • ​마취 후 관리:​ 반려동물이 집에 돌아간 후의 식사 및 활동에 대해서는 수의사의 지시를 따르십시오.

VetSheet 의약품 참고자료는 수의사 전문가의 임상 의사결정 지원을 위한 것이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 약물 정보를 대체할 수 없습니다.