ํธ๋ฏธ์ฝ์
**ํธ๋ฏธ์ฝ์ (Tilmicosin)**์ ํ์ผ๋ก์ ์์ ํฉ์ฑ๋ ๋ฐํฉ์ฑ **๋งํฌ๋ก๋ผ์ด๋๊ณ ํญ์์ **๋ก, ์ฃผ๋ก ์์ํ์์ *Mannheimia haemolytica*, *Pasteurella multocida*, *Histophilus somni*์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์ ๋ฐ ์์ ํธํก๊ธฐ ์งํ(BRD) ์น๋ฃ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค. * **์ฃผ์ ํน์ง**: * ์ง์ฉ์ฑ์ด ๋์ ์กฐ์ง ์นจํฌ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐ์ด๋ฉ๋๋ค. **ํ ์กฐ์ง**๊ณผ ํํฌ ๋์์ธํฌ์ ๋ฅ๋์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์ถ๋์ด ํธํก๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์ผ์ ๋ํ ํ์ ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค. * ๋ฐ์ถ๋๋ฌผ์๊ฒ๋ ์ฃผ๋ก **ํผํ(SC)** ์ฃผ์ฌ๋ก ํฌ์ฌ๋๋ฉฐ, ๋ผ์ง์๊ฒ๋ ์ฝ์ฉ ์ฌ๋ฃ ์ฒจ๊ฐ์ ๋ก ํฌ์ฌ๋ฉ๋๋ค. > **์ค๋ํ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ **: ํธ๋ฏธ์ฝ์ ์ ๋ง์ ์ข ์์ ์์ ์ญ์ด ์ข์ต๋๋ค. ์ฌ๋, ๋ผ์ง, ๋ง, ๋ํ๊ณผ ๋๋ฌผ, ๋น์ธ๊ฐ ์์ฅ๋ฅ์ ์ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฃผ์ฌํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ์ฌํ๊ด ๋ ์ฑ์ผ๋ก ์ธํด **๊ธ์ํ ์น๋ช ์ **์ผ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
์์ฉ ๊ธฐ์ : Tilmicosin exerts its bacteriostatic effect by penetrating the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binding to the **50S ribosomal subunit**. * **Mechanism**: Binds to the **50S subunit** โ blocks the exit tunnel for newly synthesized peptides โ inhibits translocation of peptidyl-tRNA โ **premature termination of bacterial protein synthesis**. * It exhibits time-dependent antibacterial activity and has a prolonged post-antibiotic effect (PAE), especially against respiratory pathogens. Its accumulation in macrophages allows it to be delivered directly to the site of infection via chemotaxis.
๋๋ฌผ ์ข ๋ณ ์ฉ๋
- Susceptible infections ยท 10 mg/kg SC (not more than 15 mL per injection site). ยท SC ยท Single dose ยท Subcutaneous injection under the skin in the neck, or if not accessible, behind the shoulders and over the ribs is suggested. Do not use in lambs less than 15 kg of body weight.
- Treatment of pneumonic pasteurellosis ยท 10 mg/kg SC every 72 hours ยท SC ยท q72h ยท Subcutaneous injection under the skin in the neck, or if not accessible, behind the shoulders and over the ribs is suggested.
- Susceptible infections ยท 10 mg/kg SC (not more than 15 mL per injection site) ยท SC ยท Single dose
- Susceptible infections (Rabbits) - Regimen 1 ยท 25 mg/kg SC once; repeat in 3 days if necessary. ยท SC ยท Once, repeat in 3 days PRN ยท Can cause weakness, pallor, tachypnea and sudden death. May cause acute death if given IV. SC injections can cause local swelling and necrosis.
- Susceptible infections (Rabbits) - Regimen 2 ยท 5 mg/kg SC on day 0, if no reaction, give 10 mg/kg SC on days 7 and 14. ยท SC ยท Days 0, 7, 14 ยท 14 days ยท Can cause weakness, pallor, tachypnea and sudden death. May cause acute death if given IV. SC injections can cause local swelling and necrosis.
์ฉ๋์ ๋ฉดํ ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์์ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์๋ฃ์ ๋๋ค. ํญ์ ์ต์ ๋ผ๋ฒจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ณ ํ์์ ๋ํด ํ์ธํ์ญ์์ค.
ํฌ์ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ก
๊ธ๊ธฐ
- Intravenous (IV) administration (can be fatal)
- Use in automatically powered syringes
- Injection in swine, non-human primates, horses, and camelids
- Use in lactating ewes if milk is intended for human consumption
- Use in veal calves
- Use in female dairy cattle 20 months or older
์ด์๋ฐ์
- Local tissue reaction and trim loss (if given IM)
- Edema at the site of subcutaneous injection
- Severe cardiovascular toxicity (fatalities) if given IV
- Fatalities in swine, non-human primates, and potentially horses if injected
- Severe reactions in camelids
์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ํธ์์ฉ
- Epinephrine ยท Increased mortality associated with tilmicosin in swine.
- Other Macrolides / Lincosamides ยท Potential cross-resistance and competitive binding at the 50S ribosomal subunit (extrapolated from erythromycin).
๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of respiratory signs)
- Injection site reactions
- Slaughter withdrawal times (28 days for cattle/sheep injection; 7 days for swine feed)
๊ณผ์ฉ๋
The **cardiovascular system** is the primary target of acute toxicity, likely due to calcium channel blockade leading to negative inotropic effects, tachycardia, and fatal arrhythmias. * **Cattle**: Doses up to 50 mg/kg IM did not cause death, but SC doses of 150 mg/kg caused fatalities, as did IV doses of 5 mg/kg. * **Swine**: Doses as low as 10 mg/kg caused increased respiration, emesis, and seizures; 20 mg/kg IM caused death in most animals tested. * **Monkeys**: 10 mg/kg caused no signs of toxicity; 20 mg/kg caused vomiting; 30 mg/kg caused death. > **HUMAN EXPOSURE**: In cases of human injection, **contact a physician immediately**. Apply ice to the injection site. Emergency medical telephone numbers: 1-800-722-0987 or 1-317-276-2000.
VetSheet ์ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ ํผ๋ฐ์ค๋ ๋ฉดํ ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์์ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ ๋ฌธ์ ํ๋จ์ด๋ ์ ์กฐ์ฌ์ ์ต์ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์ ๋์ ํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค.