톨트라주릴

항원충제 / 항콕시듐제

**톨트라주릴(Toltrazuril)**은 주로 유럽에서 가금류와 돼지의 콕시듐증 치료제로 승인된 트리아지논계 항원충제입니다. 반려동물 임상에서는 다양한 원충 감염에 대한 대안 치료제로 오프라벨로 사용됩니다. **주요 용도:** - 개와 고양이의 콕시듐증 - 이소스포라(Isospora) 또는 헤파토준(Hepatozoon) 감염 - 고양이 톡소플라스마증의 난포낭 배출기 - 파충류(예: 비어디 드래곤)의 중증 기생충 감염 **임상 요점:** - 톨트라주릴은 미국에서 더 흔하게 사용되는 **포나주릴(ponazuril)**의 모화합물입니다. - 아메리카 개 헤파토준증(ACH)을 앓는 개에서 초기 임상 반응은 우수하나 기생충을 완전히 제거하지는 못하며, 관해는 대개 일시적입니다. - **규제 참고:** 미국에서는 상업적으로 판매되지 않으며, 인도적 사용을 위해 합법적인 수입 절차가 필요합니다.

작용 기전: The exact mechanism of action is not completely understood, but as a triazinone derivative, it acts on all intracellular developmental stages of coccidia. - **Pathway:** It appears to inhibit protozoal enzyme systems → disrupts the division of the nucleus and the activity of the mitochondria → impairs the respiratory metabolism of the parasite → protozoal death. - It is rapidly metabolized in the liver to its active sulfone derivative, **ponazuril**.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Enteroepithelial cycle of toxoplasmosis (oocyst shedding) · 5-10 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 2 days
Coccidiosis · 30 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 2-3 days
Coccidiosis · 20 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 3 days
Isospora spp. · 9-20 mg/kg · PO · once · Single dose; further treatment is only indicated if oocyst shedding persists · Not authorized for use in cats but appears to be effective. Standard dose is 9 mg/kg. Higher doses up to 20 mg/kg can be used if required.

Sheep

Ovine coccidiosis (Eimeria ovinoidalis) · 20 mg/kg PO once · PO · once · 1 dose · Controlled study comparing efficacy against diclazuril.

Birds

Coccidiosis in raptors · 7 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 2-3 days

Reptiles

Parasitism in Bearded Dragons · 5-15 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 3 days

Dogs

Coccidiosis (Cystoisosporosis) prevention · 10-20 mg/kg PO one time · PO · once · 1 dose · Administer to all puppies at 3-4 weeks of age to help prevent problems associated with intestinal coccidiosis.

투여 경로

금기

Known hypersensitivity to toltrazuril or other triazinone antiprotozoals (e.g., ponazuril, diclazuril)
Puppies or kittens < 2 weeks of age
Animals weighing < 0.4 kg

이상반응

Generally well tolerated in birds
Potential gastrointestinal upset in mammals
Blisters on nose and mouth (extrapolated from ponazuril use in horses)
Rash or hives (extrapolated from ponazuril use in horses)
Mild diarrhoea
Vomiting

약물 상호작용

Emodepside · Frequently formulated together; no negative interactions known between the two, but refer to emodepside monograph for its specific interactions. · minor

모니터링

Clinical efficacy (resolution of clinical signs, negative fecal tests)
Fecal flotation to monitor for resolution of oocyst shedding
Resolution of clinical signs (e.g., diarrhea)

과용량

Very limited information is available. - **Horses:** Doses up to 10X were tolerated without significant adverse effects. - **Poultry:** 5X overdoses have been tolerated without clinical signs. Decreased water intake has been observed if overdoses are greater than 5X.

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