비타민 A / 이소트레티노인
Vitamin A
Retinol, Isotretinoin, Tretinoin
다른 이름: Roaccutane · Isotrexin · Vitamin E suspension · Retinol · Isotretinoin · 13-cis retinoic acid · all-trans retinoic acid · Alpha-tocopherol · Tocopheryl acetate
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
감사 완료 v13 용량 근거
검토된 비계산 근거검토된 비계산 근거 (3)
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
[not stated in source table]
TABLE 128.6. Agent: Vitamin A (Aquasol A, 50,000 U/mL, Mayne Pharma). Dosage: 1 U/g PO daily × 14 days. Species/Comments: [not stated in source table]. Reference: 52. Table note: SC can be administered into the dorsal lymph sac of anurans..
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
African foam-nesting frogs/weight range, 2–7 g; dosing q48h and once weekly significantly increased whole body vitamin A levels over control group and group treated with vitamin A fortified supplement dusted over crickets
TABLE 128.6. Agent: Vitamin A (Aquasol A, 50,000 U/mL, Mayne Pharma). Dosage: Dilute 1 : 10 in sterile water; applied as one drop from 18-g needle; estimated as 50 U/frog q48h to q7d. Species/Comments: African foam-nesting frogs/weight range, 2–7 g; dosing q48h and once weekly significantly increased whole body vitamin A levels over control group and group treated with vitamin A fortified supplement dusted over crickets. Reference: 39. Table note: SC can be administered into the dorsal lymph sac of anurans..
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Hypovitaminosis A; given the plethora of organ systems that hypovitaminosis A may affect, it is reasonable to institute vitamin A supplementation of any clinically ill amphibian, particularly ones with signs similar to “short tongue syndrome,” swollen eyelids, evidence of infectious dermatitis, hydrocoelom, or simply “failing to thrive”; the use of mixed dietary carotenoids may also be effective i
TABLE 128.6. Agent: Vitamin A (Aquasol A, 50,000 U/mL, Mayne Pharma). Dosage: Dilute 1 : 9 with sterile water; make fresh weekly; apply 1 drop from a tuberculin syringe with 27-g needle to amphibians under 5 g; 1 drop from tuberculin syringe without needle is about 200 U and useful for 15–30 g BW; >30 g, try 1 drop per 10 g BW; topically q24h × 14 days, then q4–7d. Species/Comments: Hypovitaminosis A; given the plethora of organ systems that hypovitaminosis A may affect, it is reasonable to institute vitamin A supplementation of any clinically ill amphibian, particularly ones with signs similar to “short tongue syndrome,” swollen eyelids, evidence of infectious dermatitis, hydrocoelom, or simply “failing to thrive”; the use of mixed dietary carotenoids may also be effective in some species. Reference: 52; 8. Table note: SC can be administered into the dorsal lymph sac of anurans..
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
비타민 A와 그 유도체(이소트레티노인, 트레티노인 등 레티노이드)는 상피 조직의 성장과 분화에 필수적인 지용성 비타민/호르몬입니다. 수의학에서는 주로 비타민 A 결핍증 및 피지선염과 같은 특정 피부 질환 치료에 사용됩니다.
경고: 레티노이드는 기형 유발성이 매우 높습니다. 수의사와 반려동물 보호자는 특히 임산부의 우발적인 노출을 방지하기 위해 각별한 주의를 기울여야 합니다.
작용 기전
Acts as a nutritional fat-soluble hormone that regulates gene expression.
Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid) is the acid form of vitamin A, and isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) is an isomer of tretinoin.
Clinical Pearl: They bind to intracellular retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) → modifying gene transcription → regulating epithelial cell growth, differentiation, and sebum production.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Pregnant animals
- Breeding animals
- Patients at high risk for thrombosis
- Neonates
부작용
- Teratogenicity (fetal malformations)
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS / dry eye)
- Hepatotoxicity
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Hypercalcaemia (due to bone calcium loss with prolonged use)
- Skin redness and pigmentation
- Haematological abnormalities
- Nervous system changes
- Bone changes
- Thrombosis
- Anaphylactoid reactions
주의
TERATOGENIC WARNING: Gloves should be worn when applying topical preparations. Pregnant women should avoid handling these medications entirely.
- Avoid contact with eyes, mouth, or mucous membranes.
- Avoid concurrent use of oral and topical preparations due to cumulative toxicity.
- Do not use formulations of vitamins A, D3, and E authorized for farm animals or horses in small animals, as they are too concentrated and risk severe toxicity.
- Minimize exposure of the drug to sunlight.
약물 상호작용
Oral vitamin A may alter ciclosporin levels; requires close monitoring.
Do not use topical vitamin A preparations simultaneously with other topical drugs.
May enhance vitamin A absorption, utilization, and storage.
모니터링
- Signs of vitamin A toxicity
- Tear production (Schirmer Tear Test) for KCS
- Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP)
- Serum calcium levels
- Serum triglycerides/lipids
- Ciclosporin levels (if used concurrently)
- Ciclosporin blood levels (if used concurrently)
- Coagulation parameters (in patients at risk for thrombosis)
- Liver enzymes (if treating hepatopathy)
약동학
반감기
흡수
Requires bile and dietary fat for optimal intestinal absorption.
분포
Widely distributed; stored primarily in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle.
대사
Metabolized in the liver.
배설
Excreted primarily in feces via bile; a small amount is excreted in urine.
과다투여
High doses or prolonged use can lead to severe vitamin A toxicity.
Signs of toxicity include:
- Hepatotoxicity
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Hypercalcaemia (due to promotion of calcium loss from bone)
- Severe skin, haematological, and nervous system abnormalities.
Treatment: Discontinue the drug immediately and provide supportive care. Monitor liver enzymes and serum calcium.
제품
제형
- Injectable: 50,000 IU/ml (retinol)
- Oral capsules: 10 mg, 20 mg (isotretinoin)
- Topical gel: 0.05% (isotretinoin)
- Oral suspension: 20 mg/ml
- Oral suspension: 100 mg/ml
- Injectable preparations (often combined with selenium for large animals)
- Nutraceuticals (often combined with SAMe)
동물용의약품
- Vitamin E suspension 20 mg/ml (POM-VPS)
- Vitamin E suspension 100 mg/ml (POM-VPS)
- Various nutraceutical combinations (e.g., with SAMe)
인용의약품
- Roaccutane (10 mg, 20 mg isotretinoin capsules)
- Isotrex (0.05% isotretinoin gel)
- Isotrexin (0.05% isotretinoin gel)
- Various oral capsules and liquid preparations
규제 현황
Classified as POM-VPS in some regions for specific veterinary formulations.
Classified as POM-VPS.
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Minimize exposure of the drug to sunlight.
보호자 정보
중대한 경고: 이 약은 심각한 선천적 결함을 유발할 수 있습니다. 임산부나 임신을 계획 중인 여성은 이 약이나 반려동물의 치료 부위 피부를 절대 만져서는 안 됩니다.
- 바르는 겔을 사용할 때는 반드시 일회용 장갑을 착용하십시오.
- 반려동물이 임신 중이거나 번식을 계획 중인 경우 이 약을 사용하지 마십시오.
- 반려동물의 눈을 주의 깊게 관찰하십시오. 이 약은 눈물의 지질 성분을 변화시켜 심각한 안구 건조증을 유발할 수 있습니다. 눈을 가늘게 뜨거나, 충혈되거나, 끈적한 눈곱이 보이면 수의사에게 연락하십시오.
- 직사광선을 피해 약을 보관하십시오.
- 수의사의 지시가 없는 한 같은 부위에 다른 외용제를 바르지 마십시오.
VetSheet 의약품 참고자료는 수의사 전문가의 임상 의사결정 지원을 위한 것이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 약물 정보를 대체할 수 없습니다.