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보리코나졸

Voriconazole

UK-109496 (Synthetic derivative of fluconazole)

2세대 트리아졸계 항진균제POIVNebulization고양이

다른 이름: Vfend · UK-109496 · voriconazol · voraconazolum

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

4 mg/kg PO q12h.PO· q12h
🐕

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Coccidioidomycosis4 mg/kg PO q12h.POq12h🌎 NA

고양이

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Orbital aspergillosis10 mg/kg PO once daily.POq24h🌎 NA
  • Orbital aspergillosis: Use with extreme caution; significant systemic and neurologic adverse reactions are common.

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
General / Pharmacokinetic study18 mg/kg PO q8h for 11 daysPOq8h11 days🌎 NA
Avian aspergillosis12.5 mg/kg PO twice daily for 60-90 days or by nebulization as a 1 mg/mL solution for 60 minutes once daily.PO / Nebulizationq12h / q24h60-90 days🌎 NA
  • General / Pharmacokinetic study: Studied in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots; further studies needed for long-term safety.

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Aspergillosis3 mg/kg PO q24hPOq24h🌎 NA
  • Aspergillosis: Higher doses (4-5 mg/kg) are probably necessary to treat infections with Fusarium spp.

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

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개요

​보리코나졸(Voriconazole)​은 플루코나졸에서 파생된 광범위 2세대 트리아졸계 항진균제입니다. 중증 및 난치성 진균 감염을 치료하기 위해 개발되었습니다.

  • ​광범위 항진균력​: 다양한 진균, 특히 ​아스페르길루스(Aspergillus)​, ​블라스토미세스(Blastomyces)​, ​크립토코쿠스(Cryptococcus)​를 비롯하여 칸디다, 히스토플라스마, 푸사리움 종에 매우 효과적입니다.
  • ​수의학적 임상 적용​: 현재 수의학 환자에서의 임상 경험은 제한적입니다. 약가가 매우 비싸 널리 사용되지는 않으나, 반려조의 경우 체구가 작아 아스페르길루스증 치료제로 관심이 높아지고 있습니다.
  • ​조직 침투력​: 여러 종에서 경구 생체이용률이 우수하며, ​중추신경계(CNS)​, 눈물, 윤활액으로 쉽게 침투하여 전신 및 심부 감염에 유용합니다.
  • ​고양이의 민감성​: 고양이는 심각한 부작용(신경계 및 전신성)에 매우 취약한 것으로 보입니다. 고양이에게는 최후의 수단으로만 사용해야 합니다.
  • ​약물 상호작용​: 다른 아졸계 약물과 마찬가지로 시토크롬 P450 효소의 강력한 억제제이므로 수많은 중요한 약물 상호작용을 유발합니다.

작용 기전

Voriconazole exerts its fungistatic (and sometimes fungicidal against Aspergillus) effects by inhibiting fungal cell membrane synthesis.

  • Primary Mechanism: It inhibits the cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme 14-alpha-sterol demethylase (lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase) → blocks the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol → depletes ergosterol in the fungal cell wall → alters cell membrane fluidity and permeability, leading to fungal cell death.
  • Secondary Mechanism: Unlike fluconazole, voriconazole also inhibits 24-methylene dehydrolanosterol demethylation in molds such as Aspergillus, which confers its enhanced activity against these specific fungi.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

  • Hypersensitivity to voriconazole or other azole antifungals
  • Concurrent use with barbiturates, carbamazepine, cisapride, pimozide, quinidine, rifampin, or rifabutin
  • Caution in patients with hepatic dysfunction
  • Caution in patients with proarrhythmic conditions
  • Caution with the IV formulation in patients with decreased renal function (due to accumulation of the SBECD vehicle)

부작용

  • Dogs: Liver enlargement, significant increase in cytochrome P450 hepatic enzymes
  • Cats: Azotemia, inappetence, lethargy, weight loss, cutaneous drug reactions, ataxia, hind limb paresis/paraplegia, visual signs (mydriasis, decreased PLR), arrhythmias, hypokalemia
  • Humans: Visual disturbances (blurring, spots, wavy lines), rashes, GI effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), hepatotoxicity, hypertension/hypotension, tachycardia, peripheral edema, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
  • Rare (Humans): Eye hemorrhage, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, QT prolongation, nephrotoxicity

주의

Feline Warning: Cats are highly susceptible to severe neurologic and systemic adverse effects. Use only as a last resort.

  • Hepatic Effects: Can cause liver enlargement and enzyme induction (in dogs). Use with caution in patients with pre-existing hepatic dysfunction.
  • Renal Impairment: The IV formulation contains sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin sodium (SBECD), which can accumulate in patients with reduced renal function.
  • Pregnancy: Teratogenic in rats and embryotoxic in rabbits (FDA Category D). Weigh risks vs. benefits in pregnant animals.
  • Cardiac: Use with caution in patients with proarrhythmic conditions.

약물 상호작용

Antidiabetic agents (sulfonylureas)

May increase serum concentrations of these drugs and increase risk for hypoglycemia

Barbiturates (phenobarbital)

Decreased voriconazole concentrations; concurrent use is contraindicated

Benzodiazepines

May increase benzodiazepine concentrations

Calcium-channel blockers (amlodipine, diltiazem, verapamil)

May increase serum concentrations; dosage adjustment may be required

Carbamazepine

Decreased voriconazole concentrations; concurrent use is contraindicated

Cisapride

Potential for serious cardiac arrhythmias; concurrent use is contraindicated

Corticosteroids (prednisolone)

Potentially increased AUC for prednisolone

Immunosuppressive agents (cyclosporine, tacrolimus)

Increased concentrations; decrease cyclosporine dosage by 50% and tacrolimus dosage by 33% when starting voriconazole

Methadone

May increase plasma concentrations of R-methadone; monitor for toxicity

Phenytoin

Can decrease voriconazole concentrations and voriconazole can increase phenytoin concentrations

Pimozide

Potential for serious cardiac arrhythmias; concurrent use is contraindicated

Proton-pump inhibitors (omeprazole)

May increase omeprazole (and potentially other PPIs) concentrations

Quinidine

Potential for serious cardiac arrhythmias; concurrent use is contraindicated

Rifampin, Rifabutin

Decreased voriconazole concentrations; concurrent use is contraindicated

Vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine)

Possible increased Vinca alkaloid concentrations; monitor for toxicity

Warfarin

May potentiate warfarin's anticoagulant effects

모니터링

  • Clinical efficacy (resolution of fungal infection)
  • Liver function tests (baseline and periodic)
  • Serum electrolytes (potassium, magnesium)
  • Neurologic and visual signs (especially in cats)

약동학

반감기

~13 hoursComplex / Auto-induced

흡수

Dogs: Rapidly and essentially completely absorbed PO; peak levels at ~3 hours. Horses: Well absorbed PO; peak levels at 1-3 hours. Alpacas: Low bioavailability (~24%) after single PO doses.

분포

Dogs: Moderately bound to plasma proteins (51%), Vd ~1.3 L/kg. Horses: Low protein binding (31%), Vd 1.35-1.6 L/kg. Distributes well into CSF, tears, and synovial fluid.

대사

Metabolized in the liver to various metabolites; the primary circulating metabolite is the N-oxide metabolite (weak antifungal activity). Dogs exhibit auto-induced metabolism after multiple doses.

배설

Dogs: Very complex, dose-dependent non-linear elimination and auto-induction. Horses: Elimination half-life is ~13 hours. Alpacas: Half-life is ~8 hours. Parrots: Short half-life (~1 hour).

과다투여

The minimum lethal dose in rats and mice is 300 mg/kg (4-7X maintenance dose).

  • Clinical Signs: Increased salivation, mydriasis, ataxia, depression, dyspnea, and seizures. In human pediatric patients, accidental 5X overdoses caused brief photophobia.
  • Treatment: No specific antidote is known. For very large oral overdoses, consider gut emptying (emesis/gastric lavage) followed by close observation and supportive treatment.

제품

제형

  • Tablets
  • Powder for oral suspension
  • Powder for injection (lyophilized)

동물용의약품

  • None

인용의약품

  • Voriconazole Tablets: 50 mg & 200 mg (Vfend®)
  • Voriconazole Powder for Oral Suspension: 45 grams (40 mg/mL after reconstitution) (Vfend®)
  • Voriconazole Powder for Injection, Lyophilized: 200 mg in single-use vials (Vfend I.V.®)

규제 현황

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Tablets: Store at 15-30°C. Unreconstituted powder for oral suspension: Store in refrigerator (2-8°C). Reconstituted suspension: Store at room temperature (15-30°C); do not refrigerate or freeze; stable for 14 days. Powder for injection: Store at room temperature (15-30°C). Reconstituted injection: Use immediately, or stable for up to 24 hours if refrigerated (2-8°C).

보호자 정보

​보리코나졸(Voriconazole)​은 중증 또는 내성 진균 감염을 치료하는 데 사용되는 고급 항진균제입니다.

  • ​시험적 사용​: 이 약물은 수의학에서 비교적 새로운 약물이며, 그 사용은 종종 시험적인 것으로 간주됩니다. 또한 비용이 상당히 비쌉니다.
  • ​투여 방법​: 적절한 흡수를 위해 식사 최소 1시간 전 또는 식사 1시간 후에 약을 투여하십시오.
  • ​주의해야 할 부작용​: 반려동물에 대한 이 약의 사용 경험이 제한적이므로 반려동물을 주의 깊게 관찰하십시오. 다음 증상이 나타나면 ​즉시 수의사에게 연락하십시오​:
    • 가려움증 또는 피부 발진
    • 눈의 흰자위나 잇몸이 노랗게 변함(황달)
    • 식욕 감소 또는 체중 감소
    • 보행 곤란, 비틀거림 또는 쇠약(특히 뒷다리)
    • 시력 문제 또는 동공 확장
  • ​고양이 주의사항​: 고양이는 이 약물에 특히 민감합니다. 행동, 식욕 또는 움직임에 변화가 없는지 매우 주의 깊게 관찰하십시오.

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