자일라진

동물 종별 용량

투여 경로

금기

• Animals receiving epinephrine
• Active ventricular arrhythmias
• Preexisting cardiac dysfunction
• Hypotension or shock
• Respiratory dysfunction
• Severe hepatic or renal insufficiency
• Preexisting seizure disorders
• Severely debilitated animals
• Last trimester of pregnancy (particularly in cattle)
• Dehydrated or debilitated ruminants
• Urinary tract obstruction (ruminants)
• Intra-arterial injection (may cause severe seizures and collapse)
• Cardiovascular disease
• Systemic disease affecting cardiovascular performance
• Geriatric patients
• Pregnant animals

이상반응

• Emesis (especially in cats, occasionally dogs)
• Muscle tremors
• Bradycardia with partial A-V block
• Reduced respiratory rate and tidal volume
• Sudden movement or kicking in response to sharp auditory stimuli (especially horses)
• Increased urination (cats, cattle)
• Bloat from aerophagia (dogs, cattle)
• Sweating (horses)
• Salivation, ruminal atony, regurgitation, and diarrhea (cattle)
• Premature parturition (cattle)
• Transient hypertension followed by hypotension
• Decreased mucociliary clearance (horses)
• Cardiovascular depression (bradycardia, arrhythmias)
• Vomiting (especially in cats)
• Diuresis (suppression of ADH secretion)

약물 상호작용

• Acepromazine · Potential for additive hypotensive effects; use cautiously in animals susceptible to hemodynamic complications.
• Chloramphenicol · Prolonged sedation and gastrointestinal stasis possible.
• CNS Depressants (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics, phenothiazines) · Additive CNS depression. Dosages of these agents may need to be reduced.
• Epinephrine · May induce the development of ventricular arrhythmias (with or without concurrent halothane).
• Reserpine · May cause colic-like clinical signs in horses; concurrent use should be avoided.
• Anaesthetic agents · Significantly reduces the dose of all other anaesthetic agents required to maintain anaesthesia. · major
• Sympathomimetic amines · Increased risk of severe cardiac arrhythmias. · major

모니터링

• Level of anesthesia/analgesia
• Respiratory function (rate, depth, tidal volume)
• Cardiovascular status (heart rate, rhythm, blood pressure)
• Hydration status (especially if polyuria is present)
• Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
• Blood pressure
• Respiratory rate and depth
• Blood glucose (in susceptible patients)

과용량

In the event of an accidental overdosage, profound **CNS and respiratory depression**, **hypotension**, and **cardiac arrhythmias** may occur. Seizures have also been reported. * **Reversal Agents:** Alpha-2 antagonists such as **yohimbine**, **atipamezole**, and **tolazoline** can be used alone or in combination to reverse the effects of xylazine and speed recovery times. * **Supportive Care:** Mechanical respiratory support and respiratory stimulants (e.g., doxapram) may be required to treat severe respiratory depressant effects.