자일라진
Xylazine
Xylazine hydrochloride
다른 이름: Rompun · AnaSed · Sedazine · Cervizine · Chanazine · Gemini · Nerfasin · Sedaxylan · Virbaxyl · Xylacare · Xylapan · Xylazine HCl · Bay-Va-1470 · Xylazine hydrochloride
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
감사 완료 v13 용량 근거
검토된 비계산 근거검토된 비계산 근거 (2)
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Preanesthetic agent (extra-label)
Preanesthetic agent (extra-label): 0.2 – 1 mg/kg IV, IM, or SC 20
반드시 함께 고려할 임상 맥락 (3)
- NOTE: A reversal agent should always be on hand; reversal of sedative effects also reverses analgesic effects.
- NOTE: Most clinicians prefer using newer alpha-2 agonists (eg, dexmedetomidine) that have a greater selectivity for the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor.
- Do not store above 30°C (86°F). Some manufacturers state to store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F-77°F) and permit excursions up to 40°C (104°F).
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Analgesic adjunct (extra-label)
Analgesic adjunct (extra-label): 0.05 – 0.5 mg/kg IV, IM, or SC
반드시 함께 고려할 임상 맥락 (3)
- NOTE: A reversal agent should always be on hand; reversal of sedative effects also reverses analgesic effects.
- NOTE: Most clinicians prefer using newer alpha-2 agonists (eg, dexmedetomidine) that have a greater selectivity for the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor.
- Do not store above 30°C (86°F). Some manufacturers state to store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F-77°F) and permit excursions up to 40°C (104°F).
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
자일라진은 강력한 알파-2 아드레날린 수용체 작용제로, 수의학에서 진정제, 진통제 및 근육 이완제로 널리 사용됩니다. 또한 고양이에서 신뢰할 수 있는 최토제(구토 유발제)로도 자주 사용됩니다.
임상 요점: 자일라진에 대한 민감도는 종에 따라 큰 차이가 있습니다. 반추동물은 매우 민감하여 말에서 사용되는 용량의 약 1/10만으로도 동일한 효과를 얻을 수 있습니다. 반면 돼지는 저항성이 높아 반추동물 용량의 20~30배가 필요합니다.
내장 진통 효과(특히 말에서)가 뛰어나지만, 서맥, 부정맥, 심박출량 감소 등 심혈관계 억제 효과가 크기 때문에 소동물에서는 주로 젊고 건강한 환자에게만 제한적으로 사용됩니다. 식용 동물에 대한 사용은 FDA 승인을 받지 않았으나, 엄격한 휴약 기간을 조건으로 허가 외 사용(extra-label use)이 이루어지기도 합니다.
작용 기전
Xylazine stimulates presynaptic and postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
- Sedation & Analgesia: Activation of central alpha-2 receptors → decreased release of norepinephrine and dopamine → profound CNS depression and analgesia.
- Muscle Relaxation: Centrally mediated inhibition of intraneuronal transmission of impulses in the CNS.
- Cardiovascular Effects (Biphasic): Initial stimulation of peripheral alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors → transient vasoconstriction and hypertension → subsequent central sympatholytic effect → hypotension, bradycardia, and potentially second-degree AV block. Cardiac output can decrease by up to 30%.
- Emesis: Stimulates the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ), particularly in cats.
- Endocrine/Renal: Decreases insulin release → transient hyperglycemia. Decreases ADH production → polyuria (especially in ruminants).
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Animals receiving epinephrine
- Active ventricular arrhythmias
- Preexisting cardiac dysfunction
- Hypotension or shock
- Respiratory dysfunction
- Severe hepatic or renal insufficiency
- Preexisting seizure disorders
- Severely debilitated animals
- Last trimester of pregnancy (particularly in cattle)
- Dehydrated or debilitated ruminants
- Urinary tract obstruction (ruminants)
- Intra-arterial injection (may cause severe seizures and collapse)
- Cardiovascular disease
- Systemic disease affecting cardiovascular performance
- Geriatric patients
- Pregnant animals
- Diabetic animals
- Patients receiving sympathomimetic amines
- Conditions where vomiting is contraindicated (e.g., foreign body, raised intraocular pressure)
- Ingestion of strong acids, alkalis, or volatile/oily organic products
- Unconscious or seizing animals, or those with a reduced cough reflex
부작용
- Emesis (especially in cats, occasionally dogs)
- Muscle tremors
- Bradycardia with partial A-V block
- Reduced respiratory rate and tidal volume
- Sudden movement or kicking in response to sharp auditory stimuli (especially horses)
- Increased urination (cats, cattle)
- Bloat from aerophagia (dogs, cattle)
- Sweating (horses)
- Salivation, ruminal atony, regurgitation, and diarrhea (cattle)
- Premature parturition (cattle)
- Transient hypertension followed by hypotension
- Decreased mucociliary clearance (horses)
- Cardiovascular depression (bradycardia, arrhythmias)
- Vomiting (especially in cats)
- Diuresis (suppression of ADH secretion)
- Transient hyperglycaemia (decreased insulin secretion)
- Mydriasis
- Decreased intraocular pressure
- Increased uterine motility
주의
Use extreme caution in ruminants due to high sensitivity; ensure correct product concentration (20 mg/mL vs 100 mg/mL). Horses may appear deeply sedated but can still kick violently in response to sudden noises (auditory stimuli). May induce premature parturition in cattle. Can inhibit GI motility; use cautiously in patients with intestinal impactions. Use cautiously in horses during the vasoconstrictive phase of laminitis. Brachycephalic dogs and horses with upper airway disease may develop dyspnea.
약물 상호작용
Potential for additive hypotensive effects; use cautiously in animals susceptible to hemodynamic complications.
Prolonged sedation and gastrointestinal stasis possible.
Additive CNS depression. Dosages of these agents may need to be reduced.
May induce the development of ventricular arrhythmias (with or without concurrent halothane).
May cause colic-like clinical signs in horses; concurrent use should be avoided.
Significantly reduces the dose of all other anaesthetic agents required to maintain anaesthesia.
Increased risk of severe cardiac arrhythmias.
모니터링
- Level of anesthesia/analgesia
- Respiratory function (rate, depth, tidal volume)
- Cardiovascular status (heart rate, rhythm, blood pressure)
- Hydration status (especially if polyuria is present)
- Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
- Respiratory rate and depth
- Blood glucose (in susceptible patients)
약동학
반감기
흡수
Rapid following IM injection, but bioavailabilities are incomplete and variable (40-48% in horses, 17-73% in sheep, and 52-90% in dogs).
분포
Widely distributed; crosses the blood-brain barrier to exert central effects.
대사
Undergoes hepatic metabolism.
배설
Metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine. Not detected in milk of lactating dairy cattle at 5 and 21 hours post-dose.
과다투여
In the event of an accidental overdosage, profound CNS and respiratory depression, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias may occur. Seizures have also been reported.
- Reversal Agents: Alpha-2 antagonists such as yohimbine, atipamezole, and tolazoline can be used alone or in combination to reverse the effects of xylazine and speed recovery times.
- Supportive Care: Mechanical respiratory support and respiratory stimulants (e.g., doxapram) may be required to treat severe respiratory depressant effects.
제품
제형
- Injection: 20 mg/mL
- Injection: 100 mg/mL
- Injection: 300 mg/mL (for deer and elk)
- Injectable: 20 mg/ml solution
동물용의약품
- Xylazine Injection: 20 mg/mL in 20 mL vials
- Xylazine Injection: 100 mg/mL in 50 mL vials
- Xylazine Injection: 300 mg/mL (Cervizine, for deer and elk)
- Chanazine 20 mg/ml solution for injection
- Nerfasin 20 mg/ml solution for injection
- Rompun 20 mg/ml solution for injection
- Sedaxylan 20 mg/ml solution for injection
- Virbaxyl 20 mg/ml solution for injection
- Xylacare 20 mg/ml solution for injection
- Xylapan 20 mg/ml solution for injection
규제 현황
POM-V
POM-V
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Do not store above 30°C (86°F). Reportedly physically compatible in the same syringe with acepromazine, buprenorphine, butorphanol, chloral hydrate, and meperidine. Compounded mixtures of ketamine, acepromazine, and xylazine ('KAX') are stable for at least 180 days if stored at room temperature in the dark.
보호자 정보
자일라진은 시술 중 동물을 진정시키거나 마취 프로토콜의 일부로 사용되는 강력한 진정 및 진통제입니다.
- 구토: 고양이(때로는 개)가 이 약을 투여받은 직후 구토하는 것은 매우 흔한 일입니다. 이는 예상되는 반응이며, 때로는 이 약을 투여하는 주된 이유이기도 합니다(예: 반려동물이 독성 물질을 섭취한 경우).
- 회복: 반려동물은 시술 후 몇 시간 동안 몽롱하거나 비틀거리거나 졸려 할 수 있습니다. 완전히 깨어날 때까지 조용하고 안전하며 편안한 환경에 머물게 해주세요.
- 놀람 반사: 동물(특히 말)이 깊이 잠든 것처럼 보이더라도 갑작스럽고 큰 소리에 놀라거나 격렬하게 발길질을 할 수 있습니다. 진정된 동물 주변에서는 항상 조용히 움직여야 합니다.
VetSheet 의약품 참고자료는 수의사 전문가의 임상 의사결정 지원을 위한 것이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 약물 정보를 대체할 수 없습니다.