요힘빈
Yohimbine
Yohimbine hydrochloride
다른 이름: Yobine · Antagonil · Aphrodyne · Dayto Himbin · Pluriviron mono · Prowess Plain · Urobine · Virigen · Yocon · Yocoral · Yohimex · Yomax · Zumba · aphrodine hydrochloride · chlorhydrate de quebrachine · corynine hydrochloride · Yohydrol
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
감사 완료 v13 용량 근거
검토된 비계산 근거검토된 비계산 근거 (1)
근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가
Xylazine reversal; rarely indicated; atipameazole commonly used to reverse all α2 agonists
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Yohimbine (Yobine, Lloyd). Dosage: —. Species/Comments: Xylazine reversal; rarely indicated; atipameazole commonly used to reverse all α2 agonists. Table note: a Medetomidine is no longer commercially available in North America, although it can be obtained from select compounding services; dosages are listed here as a guide for possible use with dexmedetomidine, an α 2 agonist that is the active optical enantiomer of racemic compound medetomidine; dexmedetomidine is generally used at half the dose of medetomidine but the same volume due to higher concentration; both compounds tend to have similar effects..
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
요힘빈은 인돌알킬아민 알칼로이드이자 특이적 알파2-아드레날린 수용체 길항제입니다. 수의학에서는 주로 알파2 작용제(특히 자일라진)의 진정 및 심혈관계 효과를 역전시키는 데 사용됩니다. 또한 아미트라즈 중독의 효과적인 해독제이며 예방 목적으로도 사용될 수 있습니다. 현대 임상에서 덱스메데토미딘의 역전에는 주로 아티파메졸이 사용되지만, 요힘빈은 여전히 중요한 응급 및 역전제로 남아 있습니다.
작용 기전
Yohimbine competitively blocks central and peripheral presynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors.
- Mechanism: By blocking these autoreceptors, yohimbine prevents the negative feedback loop that normally inhibits neurotransmitter release → increases synaptic norepinephrine release → enhances sympathetic outflow.
- Systemic Effects: This surge in sympathetic tone results in increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, CNS stimulation, and antidiuresis, effectively counteracting the profound sedation, bradycardia, and hypotension induced by alpha-2 agonists.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Hypersensitivity to yohimbine
- Renal disease (extrapolated from human medicine)
- Patients with active seizure disorders
부작용
- Transient apprehension or anxiety
- CNS excitement
- Muscle tremors
- Hypersalivation
- Increased respiratory rate (panting)
- Hyperemic (red) mucous membranes
- Tachycardia
주의
Seizure Disorders: Use with extreme caution as yohimbine can lower the seizure threshold and induce tremors or convulsions. Renal Impairment: Contraindicated in humans with renal disease; use cautiously in veterinary patients with compromised kidney function.
Important Clinical Pearl - Analgesia Loss: Reversing xylazine or other alpha-2 agonists will simultaneously remove any provided analgesia. Normal pain perception will return immediately. Ensure alternative pain management (e.g., opioids, NSAIDs) is on board before administration if the patient underwent a painful procedure.
약물 상호작용
May cause severe hypertension; concurrent use is not recommended.
Additive antagonistic effects; use with caution.
Additive CNS stimulation and increased risk of seizures or severe agitation.
모니터링
- CNS status (arousal level, signs of excitement or apprehension)
- Cardiac rate and rhythm
- Blood pressure (if indicated and practical)
- Respiratory rate and effort
약동학
반감기
흡수
Rapid onset of action; when used to reverse xylazine IV, onset generally occurs within 3 minutes.
분포
Readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier into the CNS. Apparent volume of distribution (steady-state) is approximately 5 L/kg in steers, 2-5 L/kg in horses, and 4.5 L/kg in dogs.
대사
The specific metabolic fate of yohimbine is currently unknown.
배설
Total body clearance is approximately 70 mL/min/kg in steers, 35 mL/min/kg in horses, and 30 mL/min/kg in dogs.
과다투여
Overdoses can cause significant CNS and cardiovascular overstimulation.
- Experimental Data: Dogs receiving 0.55 mg/kg (5 times the recommended dose) exhibited clinical signs of transient seizures and muscle tremors.
- Clinical Reports (APCC): Reported findings in dogs include diarrhea, disorientation, hyperactivity, panting, tachycardia, and hypersalivation.
- Treatment: Primarily supportive and symptomatic. Avoid further CNS stimulation and manage seizures if they occur.
제품
제형
- Injection: 2 mg/mL sterile solution
- Oral tablets: 5.4 mg (Human-labeled)
동물용의약품
- Yohimbine Sterile Solution for Injection: 2 mg/mL in 20 mL vials (Yobine®)
인용의약품
- Oral tablets: 5.4 mg
규제 현황
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Store injection at room temperature (15-30°C) and protect from light and heat.
보호자 정보
이 약물은 동물병원 등에서 수의사의 직접적인 감독 하에만 사용해야 합니다.
- 목적: 특정 진정제(자일라진 등) 투여 후 반려동물을 빠르게 깨우거나, 아미트라즈가 포함된 진드기 구제제/목걸이로 인한 중독을 치료하는 데 사용됩니다.
- 예상되는 반응: 반려동물이 매우 갑작스럽게 깰 수 있습니다. 약효가 나타나면서 일시적인 불안, 헐떡임, 침 흘림 또는 근육 떨림이 나타나는 것은 정상이며 보통 빠르게 사라집니다.
- 통증 관리: 이 약물은 진정 효과를 역전시키기 때문에 진통 효과도 함께 사라집니다. 반려동물이 수술을 받은 경우, 수의사가 다른 진통제를 투여하여 통증을 관리할 것입니다.
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