요힘빈

알파2-아드레날린 수용체 길항제

요힘빈은 인돌알킬아민 알칼로이드이자 특이적 알파2-아드레날린 수용체 길항제입니다. 수의학에서는 주로 알파2 작용제(특히 자일라진)의 진정 및 심혈관계 효과를 역전시키는 데 사용됩니다. 또한 아미트라즈 중독의 효과적인 해독제이며 예방 목적으로도 사용될 수 있습니다. 현대 임상에서 덱스메데토미딘의 역전에는 주로 아티파메졸이 사용되지만, 요힘빈은 여전히 중요한 응급 및 역전제로 남아 있습니다.

작용 기전: Yohimbine competitively blocks central and peripheral **presynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors**. - **Mechanism:** By blocking these autoreceptors, yohimbine prevents the negative feedback loop that normally inhibits neurotransmitter release → **increases synaptic norepinephrine** release → enhances sympathetic outflow. - **Systemic Effects:** This surge in sympathetic tone results in increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, CNS stimulation, and antidiuresis, effectively counteracting the profound sedation, bradycardia, and hypotension induced by alpha-2 agonists.

동물 종별 용량

Sheep

Xylazine reversal (Llamas/Camelids) · 0.25 mg/kg IV or IM · IV/IM · once · Dosing specifically reported for Llamas.

Cattle

Xylazine reversal · 0.125 mg/kg IV · IV · once
Xylazine reversal (Routine/Emergency) · IM administration preferred for routine; 0.1 mg/kg IV for emergency · IM/IV · once · IM preferred to decrease CNS/CV risks. Wait 30-45 min post-IM or 15-30 min post-IV xylazine to allow ketamine/Telazol to resolve before reversing.

Horses

Xylazine reversal · 0.075 mg/kg IV · IV · once · ARCI UCGFS Class 2 Drug.

Birds

Alpha2-adrenergic agonist reversal (e.g., xylazine) · 0.1 mg/kg IV · IV · once

SmallMammals

Xylazine reversal (Rabbits) · 0.2 mg/kg IV · IV · as needed · Also partially antagonizes ketamine and acepromazine.
Xylazine reversal (Mice/Rats) · 0.2 mg/kg IP · IP · as needed · Also partially antagonizes ketamine and acepromazine.

Dogs

Xylazine reversal · 0.11 mg/kg IV slowly OR 0.1 mg/kg IV · IV · once
Medetomidine reversal · 0.11 mg/kg IV · IV · once
Amitraz toxicity reversal (centrally mediated bradycardia/hypotension) · 0.1 mg/kg IV · IV · repeat as necessary
Amitraz toxicity (demodicosis treatment) · 0.11 mg/kg IV or 0.25 mg/kg IM (with atipamezole 50 mcg/kg IM) · IV/IM · once · Used to treat or prevent acute toxicity episodes.
Prevention of side effects from amitraz dips · 0.1 mg/kg IV · IV · once · May give prior to, or after bathing.
Antiemetic · 0.25-0.5 mg/kg SC or IM · SC/IM · q12h

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

IVIMSCIP

금기

Hypersensitivity to yohimbine
Renal disease (extrapolated from human medicine)
Patients with active seizure disorders

이상반응

Transient apprehension or anxiety
CNS excitement
Muscle tremors
Hypersalivation
Increased respiratory rate (panting)
Hyperemic (red) mucous membranes
Tachycardia

약물 상호작용

Tricyclic Antidepressants · May cause severe hypertension; concurrent use is not recommended.
Other Alpha-2 Antagonists · Additive antagonistic effects; use with caution.
CNS Stimulants · Additive CNS stimulation and increased risk of seizures or severe agitation.

모니터링

CNS status (arousal level, signs of excitement or apprehension)
Cardiac rate and rhythm
Blood pressure (if indicated and practical)
Respiratory rate and effort

과용량

Overdoses can cause significant CNS and cardiovascular overstimulation. - **Experimental Data:** Dogs receiving 0.55 mg/kg (5 times the recommended dose) exhibited clinical signs of transient seizures and muscle tremors. - **Clinical Reports (APCC):** Reported findings in dogs include diarrhea, disorientation, hyperactivity, panting, tachycardia, and hypersalivation. - **Treatment:** Primarily supportive and symptomatic. Avoid further CNS stimulation and manage seizures if they occur.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.