지도부딘

항레트로바이러스제 (뉴클레오시드 역전사효소 억제제)

지도부딘(AZT)은 **뉴클레오시드 역전사효소 억제제(NRTI)**로, 수의학에서는 주로 고양이 면역결핍 바이러스(FIV) 및 고양이 백혈병 바이러스(FeLV)의 보조 치료제로 사용됩니다. * **임상적 유용성**: 감염된 고양이의 바이러스 부하를 줄이고 임상 증상(구내염 또는 신경학적 증상 등)을 개선할 수 있지만, 완치제는 아니며 질병의 장기적인 자연 진행 과정을 크게 바꾸지는 못할 수 있습니다. * **임상적 진주**: 레트로바이러스는 숙주 게놈에 통합되기 때문에 지도부딘과 같은 NRTI는 이미 감염된 세포를 제거하기보다는 새로운 세포의 감염을 예방하는 데 가장 효과적입니다.

작용 기전: Zidovudine is a synthetic thymidine analogue. * **Mechanism**: It is converted *in vivo* by cellular kinases into its active metabolite, **zidovudine triphosphate**. * **Pathway**: Zidovudine triphosphate competes with natural thymidine triphosphate for incorporation into viral DNA by **viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase** (→ **reverse transcriptase**). * **Effect**: Because zidovudine lacks a 3'-OH group, its incorporation prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages, leading to **DNA chain termination** and a virustatic effect against retroviruses. * It also possesses some activity against gram-negative bacteria and can exhibit host cell cytotoxicity (particularly in rapidly dividing cells like bone marrow).

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Adjunctive therapy of FeLV and FIV · 5-10 mg/kg PO or SC q12h · PO, SC · q12h · Higher dose should be used carefully as side effects can develop. For SC injection, dilute lyophilized product in isotonic sodium chloride to prevent local irritation. For PO, syrup or gelatin capsules can be used.
Adjunctive therapy of FeLV and FIV · 5-10 mg PO or SC q12h · PO, SC · q12h · Note: Dose is in mg per cat, not mg/kg. Higher dose should be carefully used in FeLV-infected cats because side effects, particularly non-regenerative anemia, can develop.
FeLV · 5 mg/kg PO or SC q12h · PO, SC · q12h · If giving SC, dilute in sterile normal saline to prevent local irritation. Check CBC weekly the first month.
FIV encephalopathy · 20 mg/kg PO q12h · PO · q12h

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

POSCIV

금기

Patients with a history of life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions to zidovudine

이상반응

Non-regenerative anemia (most common in cats, dose-dependent)
Reductions in RBCs, PCV, and hemoglobin
Diarrhea
Weakness
Granulocytopenia (reported in humans)
Gastrointestinal effects

약물 상호작용

Azole Antifungals (e.g., ketoconazole) · May increase zidovudine levels
Atovaquone · May increase zidovudine levels
Doxorubicin · May antagonize each other's effects; avoid concurrent use. Also increases risk of hematologic toxicity.
Interferon alfa · Increased risk for hematologic and hepatotoxicity
Probenecid · May increase zidovudine levels
Myelo-/Cytotoxic Drugs (e.g., chloramphenicol, flucytosine, vincristine, vinblastine) · Administered with zidovudine may increase the risk of hematologic toxicity
Rifampin · May decrease blood levels (AUC) of zidovudine

모니터링

CBC (Complete Blood Count): Weekly for the first month of treatment (non-regenerative anemia is common, especially at higher doses). If stable, monthly checks are sufficient.
Hematocrit: If PCV drops below 20%, treatment should be discontinued (anemia usually resolves within a few days).
CD4/CD8 ratios (if possible)
Clinical efficacy and improvement of signs

과용량

Human adults and children have survived massive oral overdoses (up to 50 grams) without permanent sequelae. * **Clinical Signs**: Vomiting and transient hematologic effects (e.g., bone marrow suppression) are the most consistent adverse effects reported with acute overdoses. * **Management**: Treatment is largely supportive and symptomatic, focusing on gastrointestinal decontamination if caught early, and monitoring hematologic parameters.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.