아연 (아세트산 아연, 황산 아연, 글루콘산 아연)

영양 보충제 / 미량 원소

아연은 필수 미량 원소이자 영양제로, 체내 200개 이상의 금속효소 기능에 매우 중요합니다. 세포막과 핵산의 구조적 완전성을 유지하는 데 중요한 역할을 하며, 세포 성장, 면역 반응, 상처 치유 및 시력에 필요합니다. 수의학에서 아연은 주로 다음 용도로 사용됩니다: * **아연 반응성 피부염**: * *제1형*: 주로 북방견종(예: 시베리안 허스키, 알래스칸 말라뮤트)에서 나타나는 아연 흡수의 유전적 결함. * *제2형*: 피트산이나 칼슘이 많은 식단을 섭취한 급성장하는 대형견 강아지에서 발생하며, 이 성분들이 식이 아연과 결합하여 흡수를 방해합니다. * **간 구리 중독증**: 취약한 품종(예: 베들링턴 테리어, 웨스트 하일랜드 화이트 테리어, 래브라도 리트리버)에서 장내 구리 흡수를 차단하기 위해 사용됩니다. * **간 섬유증 및 지방간**: 보조적인 간 보호 및 항섬유화제로 사용됩니다. > **임상 팁**: 용량을 계산할 때 **원소 아연(elemental zinc)**과 **아연염(zinc salts)**을 구별하는 것이 매우 중요합니다. 예를 들어, 황산 아연에는 23%의 원소 아연이 포함되어 있지만, 글루콘산 아연에는 14.3%만 포함되어 있습니다. 투여 프로토콜이 어떤 형태를 기준으로 하는지 항상 확인하십시오.

작용 기전: Zinc acts as a critical cofactor for numerous metalloenzymes, including **alkaline phosphatase**, **alcohol dehydrogenase**, **carbonic anhydrase**, and **RNA polymerase**. **Mechanism in Copper Toxicosis**: When administered orally in large doses, zinc induces the synthesis of **metallothionein** in intestinal enterocytes. Metallothionein is a cysteine-rich protein that has a much higher binding affinity for copper than for zinc. Dietary zinc → Induces enterocyte metallothionein → Binds dietary and biliary copper → Traps copper within the enterocyte → Enterocyte is sloughed into the feces (normal turnover) → **Negative copper balance**.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Adjunctive therapy of severe hepatic lipidosis · 7-10 mg/kg PO once daily, in B-Complex mixture if possible · PO · q24h
Appetite stimulant · 1 mg/kg of elemental zinc PO once a day · PO · q24h
Zinc-responsive dermatoses, copper storage disease · 1-2 mg elemental zinc p.o. q24h (zinc sulphate: 5 mg/kg p.o. q24h or in divided doses; zinc gluconate: 2 mg/kg p.o. q24h; zinc acetate: 1 mg/kg p.o. q24h) · PO · q24h · Not specified · Give with food to minimize vomiting.

Dogs

Adjunctive treatment and prophylaxis of hepatic copper toxicosis · Initially, give a loading dose of 100 mg elemental zinc (zinc acetate used in this study) twice daily (separate doses by at least 8 hours) for about 3 months; then reduce dose to 50 mg (elemental zinc) twice daily. · PO · q12h · Lifetime/Maintenance · If animal vomits, give doses with a small piece of meat. Do not give within one hour of a meal. Target zinc levels are 200-500 micrograms/dL.
Adjunctive treatment and prophylaxis of hepatic copper toxicosis · 5-10 mg/kg elemental zinc q12h; use high end of dosage range initially for 3 months, then 50 mg PO q12h for maintenance. · PO · q12h · Lifetime/Maintenance · Separate dosage from meals by 1-2 hours. In dogs with active copper-induced hepatitis, do not use zinc alone, but in combination with a chelator.
Adjunctive treatment and prophylaxis of hepatic copper toxicosis · 10 mg/kg elemental zinc (given as zinc acetate or zinc gluconate) PO twice daily. · PO · q12h · Give one hour before each meal.
Adjunctive treatment and prophylaxis of hepatic copper toxicosis · 1.5-2.5 mg/kg zinc gluconate PO three times daily; 0.67 mg/kg zinc sulfate PO three times daily; or 100 mg (total dose) elemental zinc (as zinc acetate) PO twice daily. · PO · q8h or q12h · 3-6 month loading, then half dose · Goal is to achieve zinc plasma concentrations of 200-600 micrograms/dL.

투여 경로

POTopicalOphthalmic

금기

Patients with pre-existing copper deficiency
Patients with copper deficiency

이상반응

Gastrointestinal disturbances (vomiting, nausea, anorexia)
Hematologic abnormalities (hemolytic anemia, particularly at serum levels >1000 mcg/dL)
Hypotension (with overdose)
Jaundice (with overdose)
Pulmonary edema (with overdose)
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Haemolysis (at high doses)

약물 상호작용

Copper · Large doses of zinc inhibit copper absorption in the intestine; separate supplements by at least 2 hours. · moderate
Fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) · Zinc salts may reduce the oral absorption of fluoroquinolones.
Penicillamine · May potentially inhibit zinc absorption; clinical significance is not clear. · minor
Tetracyclines · Zinc salts may chelate oral tetracycline and reduce its absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours. · major
Ursodiol · May potentially inhibit zinc absorption; clinical significance is not clear.
Iron · Long-term administration of zinc may lead to decreased iron stores and functional deficiency · moderate
Ursodeoxycholic acid · May potentially inhibit zinc absorption · minor
Fluoroquinolones · Zinc salts may reduce the absorption of fluoroquinolone antibiotics · major

모니터링

Serum zinc levels (Target 200-500 mcg/dL for copper toxicosis; do not exceed 1000 mcg/dL)
Gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, anorexia)
Complete Blood Count (CBC) to monitor for hemolysis/anemia
Clinical response (resolution of dermatosis or hepatic signs)
Serum zinc levels
Serum copper levels
Complete Blood Count (CBC) / PCV to monitor for haemolysis

과용량

Signs associated with overdoses of zinc in mammals include **hemolytic anemia**, hypotension, jaundice, vomiting, and pulmonary edema. > **Toxicity Alert**: Ingestion of U.S. pennies minted after 1982 is a common cause of severe zinc toxicosis in dogs, as these coins are 97.5% zinc. **Treatment in Mammals**: * Remove the source (e.g., endoscopic or surgical removal of coins). * Dilution with milk or water. * Chelation therapy using edetate calcium disodium (Calcium EDTA). **Avian Toxicity**: Zinc intoxication in birds is relatively common (often from cage wire or hardware). Clinical signs are varied and nonspecific: lethargy, anorexia, regurgitation, polyuria, polydipsia, hematuria, hematochezia, pallor, dark or bright green diarrhea, foul-smelling feces, paresis, seizures, and sudden death. Treatment involves removing the source, chelation therapy (Calcium EDTA or succimer), and supportive care.

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