Albendazole

Albendazole is a **broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic** used in veterinary medicine to treat a wide variety of internal parasites, including **nematodes (roundworms)**, **cestodes (tapeworms)**, **trematodes (flukes)**, and certain **protozoa (e.g., Giardia)**. * **Food Animal Use**: FDA-approved for use in cattle and sheep (suspension form) for various endoparasites. * **Small Animal Use**: Used extra-label for specific infections (e.g., *Paragonimus*, *Filaroides*, *Giardia*). However, its use in dogs and cats has significantly declined due to the risk of **bone marrow toxicity** (aplastic anemia) and hepatic dysfunction. Safer alternatives like fenbendazole are often preferred for small animals. * **Exotics**: Used extra-label in small mammals, birds, and reptiles, though toxicity has been noted in certain species (e.g., pigeons, doves, and alpaca crias).

กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Albendazole exerts its antiparasitic effects by binding selectively to parasite **β-tubulin** → prevents tubulin polymerization → inhibits **microtubule formation**. * This disruption halts intracellular microtubular transport systems and cell division. * At higher concentrations, it disrupts metabolic pathways by inhibiting key enzymes like **malate dehydrogenase** and **fumarate reductase** → impairs glucose uptake and ATP production → leads to parasite starvation and death.

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