Aminopentamide
Aminopentamide is a veterinary-specific **anticholinergic and antispasmodic** agent historically used to manage acute abdominal visceral spasms, pylorospasm, hypertrophic gastritis, and associated nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea in dogs and cats. > **Clinical Pearl:** While once common, the use of systemic anticholinergics for non-specific GI upset has largely been superseded by more targeted antiemetics (e.g., maropitant, ondansetron) and prokinetics, due to the risk of inducing ileus and systemic side effects.
กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Aminopentamide acts as a **competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs)** in the parasympathetic nervous system. By blocking acetylcholine binding, it inhibits parasympathetic tone. * **GI Tract:** → Decreases smooth muscle contractions (reducing colonic spasms) and reduces gastric acid secretion. * **Systemic:** Compared to atropine, it reportedly has a greater targeted effect on reducing colonic contractions with relatively fewer mydriatic (pupil dilating) and salivary (dry mouth) effects, though classic anticholinergic signs can still occur.
ขนาดยาตามชนิดสัตว์
- Acute abdominal visceral spasm, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea · 10 lbs or less: 0.1 mg; 11-20 lbs: 0.2 mg; 21-50 lbs: 0.3 mg; 51-100 lbs: 0.4 mg; over 100 lbs: 0.5 mg. If desired effect is not attained, dosage may be gradually increased up to 5 times these amounts. · PO, IM, SC · q8-12h
- Second-line adjunctive therapy for refractory IBD · 0.1-0.4 mg/kg · SC · BID-TID
- Acute abdominal visceral spasm, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea · 10 lbs or less: 0.1 mg; 11-20 lbs: 0.2 mg; 21-50 lbs: 0.3 mg; 51-100 lbs: 0.4 mg; over 100 lbs: 0.5 mg. If desired effect is not attained, dosage may be gradually increased up to 5 times these amounts. · PO, IM, SC · q8-12h
- To decrease tenesmus in malabsorption/maldigestion syndromes · 0.1-0.4 mg (total dose) · SC, IM · BID-TID
ขนาดยาเป็นข้อมูลอ้างอิงทางคลินิกสำหรับสัตวแพทย์ผู้มีใบอนุญาต โปรดตรวจสอบกับฉลากล่าสุดและผู้ป่วยแต่ละรายเสมอ
วิธีการให้ยา
ข้อห้ามใช้
- Glaucoma (absolute contraindication)
- Pyloric obstruction
- Hypersensitivity to anticholinergic drugs
- Tachycardias secondary to thyrotoxicosis or cardiac insufficiency
- Myocardial ischemia
- Unstable cardiac status during acute hemorrhage
- GI obstructive disease
- Paralytic ileus
- Severe ulcerative colitis
- Obstructive uropathy
- Myasthenia gravis (unless used to reverse adverse muscarinic effects)
- Known or suspected GI infections (e.g., parvovirus enteritis)
อาการไม่พึงประสงค์
- Dry mouth (xerostomia)
- Dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
- Blurred vision (mydriasis)
- Urinary hesitancy or retention
- Tachycardia
- Decreased GI motility (constipation/ileus)
อันตรกิริยาระหว่างยา
- Antihistamines · May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
- Procainamide · May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
- Quinidine · May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
- Meperidine · May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
- Benzodiazepines · May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
- Phenothiazines · May enhance the activity of anticholinergic derivatives
- Primidone · May potentiate the adverse effects of anticholinergic derivatives
- Disopyramide · May potentiate the adverse effects of anticholinergic derivatives
- Nitrates · May potentiate the adverse effects of anticholinergic derivatives
- Corticosteroids (long-term use) · May increase intraocular pressure
- Nitrofurantoin · Anticholinergic derivatives may enhance actions
- Thiazide Diuretics · Anticholinergic derivatives may enhance actions
- Sympathomimetics · Anticholinergic derivatives may enhance actions
การติดตาม
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of spasms, vomiting, or diarrhea)
- Heart rate (monitor for tachycardia)
- Urination frequency and volume (monitor for urinary retention)
- Eye moisture and pupil size
การได้รับยาเกินขนาด
No specific information was located regarding acute overdosage clinical signs or treatment for aminopentamide. Guidelines for atropine overdose may be applied: * **Decontamination:** If recent oral ingestion, empty gut contents and administer activated charcoal and saline cathartics. * **Supportive Care:** Treat clinical signs symptomatically. Fluid therapy and standard treatments for shock may be instituted. **Do not use phenothiazines** as they may contribute to anticholinergic effects. * **Antidote (Severe Cases):** The use of physostigmine is controversial and reserved for extreme agitation or life-threatening supraventricular/sinus tachycardias. Human pediatric dose (reasonable for small animals): 0.02 mg/kg slow IV, repeat q10 minutes until reversal of toxic effects. Physostigmine adverse effects (bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, seizures) may be treated with small doses of IV atropine.
ข้อมูลอ้างอิงยาของ VetSheet มีไว้สำหรับสัตวแพทย์ผู้มีใบอนุญาตเพื่อช่วยในการตัดสินใจทางคลินิก ไม่ใช่สิ่งทดแทนการวินิจฉัยของผู้เชี่ยวชาญหรือฉลากล่าสุดของผู้ผลิต