Ammonium Molybdate / Ammonium Tetrathiomolybdate

**Ammonium molybdate** and **ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM)** are specialized antidotes primarily utilized in veterinary medicine for the investigational or compassionate treatment of **copper poisoning** in food animals, particularly sheep. > **Clinical Pearl:** Sheep are uniquely susceptible to copper accumulation and toxicity. These compounds are often used to rapidly bind and excrete excess systemic copper to prevent fatal hemolytic crisis and liver failure. * **Ammonium molybdate** is typically administered orally and is often combined with sulfates or thiosulfates. * **Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM)** is administered parenterally (IV or SC) but does not go into solution readily. * These compounds are often sourced from chemical supply houses as there are no veterinary-labeled products available.

กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Molybdate interacts with sulfur and copper in the gastrointestinal tract and systemic circulation to form **thiomolybdates**. * **In the GI tract:** Molybdate and sulfur combine to form thiomolybdates, which bind to dietary copper → forms insoluble copper-thiomolybdate complexes → prevents copper absorption and promotes excretion in feces. * **Systemically:** Parenteral TTM binds to free copper in the blood and extracts copper from metallothionein in the liver → forms a stable, inert complex → safely excreted by the kidneys.

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