Cefixime

Cefixime is an oral **3rd-generation cephalosporin** antibiotic used in veterinary medicine primarily for susceptible gram-negative infections. * **Spectrum of Activity:** Highly effective against many *Enterobacteriaceae* (e.g., *Escherichia coli*, *Proteus*, *Klebsiella*) and some gram-positive organisms like *Streptococcus*. * **Limitations:** It is generally **not effective** against *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, *Enterococcus*, *Staphylococcus*, *Bordetella*, or anaerobes. * **Clinical Utility:** Its use is typically reserved for systemic or urinary tract infections where oral treatment is desired, and when first-line agents (like fluoroquinolones or other cephalosporins) are contraindicated or ineffective. > **Clinical Pearl:** Because bacterial sensitivity to 3rd-generation cephalosporins is highly variable, culture and susceptibility testing using cefixime-specific disks or dilutions is strongly recommended before initiating therapy.

กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Cefixime is a **bactericidal** antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. * Binds to specific **Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs)** located inside the bacterial cell wall. * **Inhibition of transpeptidation** → prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains. * **Activation of autolysins** → leads to bacterial cell wall lysis and death. It is relatively resistant to hydrolysis by many bacterial **beta-lactamases**, allowing it to remain effective against certain resistant gram-negative strains.

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