Ceftriaxone

**Ceftriaxone** is a potent, injectable **third-generation cephalosporin** antibiotic. - **Broad Spectrum**: It retains the gram-positive activity of first- and second-generation agents but features significantly expanded gram-negative coverage (e.g., *Enterobacteriaceae*). - **Clinical Utility**: Often reserved for serious infections where less expensive agents are ineffective, or to avoid the nephrotoxicity associated with aminoglycosides. - **Key Advantages**: Exhibits excellent penetration into the central nervous system (CNS), making it highly effective for meningitis. Its long half-life and activity against *Borrelia burgdorferi* also make it a viable option for treating Lyme disease.

กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Like all beta-lactam antibiotics, ceftriaxone is **bactericidal**. - **Mechanism**: It binds to specific **penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)** located inside the bacterial cell wall. - **Pathway**: Binding to PBPs → Inhibition of the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis → Disruption of peptidoglycan cross-linking → Autolysin-mediated **bacterial cell lysis** and death.

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