Deferoxamine Mesylate

**Deferoxamine mesylate** is a highly specific **iron-chelating agent** primarily utilized in veterinary medicine as a life-saving antidote for acute iron toxicosis (e.g., ingestion of iron supplements or oxygen absorbers). It is also occasionally evaluated for aluminum toxicity and as an adjunctive treatment for acute cardiac ischemia, though its efficacy for reperfusion injury has been disappointing. Key clinical points: * **High Affinity**: It specifically targets and binds free iron in the bloodstream and tissues, preventing iron-induced oxidative damage. * **Urine Discoloration**: A hallmark of successful chelation is the production of a salmon-pink or 'vin rosé' colored urine, indicating the excretion of the iron-chelate complex. * **Administration**: It must be given parenterally (usually IM or slow IV CRI). Oral administration is generally contraindicated as it may paradoxically increase gastrointestinal iron absorption.

กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Deferoxamine acts by directly binding to free iron to neutralize its toxicity: * The drug possesses three hydroxamic groups that have a high affinity for **ferric (Fe³⁺) ions**. * Deferoxamine + Fe³⁺ → **Ferrioxamine** (a stable, water-soluble chelate complex). * By sequestering the iron, it prevents the metal from participating in the **Fenton reaction**, thereby halting the production of damaging reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radicals). * The ferrioxamine complex is then readily excreted by the kidneys into the urine. It does not significantly chelate other essential trace metals or electrolytes (except aluminum).

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