Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin (hIVIG)

Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin (hIVIG) is a purified blood product used for the treatment of severe immune-mediated diseases in dogs. Efficacy has been demonstrated in immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) and acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. > **Warning:** Its use in immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) remains controversial. Use should be reserved for exceptional cases where other treatments have failed. **Clinical Pearl:** In cases of IMT, the efficacy of hIVIG is comparable to that achieved with vincristine, providing a rapid rescue therapy by blocking macrophage destruction of platelets.

กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: The drug has both immediate and long-term immunomodulatory effects, though exact mechanisms are not fully elucidated. * **Immediate effects:** Binding to **Fc receptors** on macrophages (preventing phagocytosis of opsonized cells) and providing **anti-idiotype antibodies**. * **Long-term effects:** Reacts with membrane receptors on **T cells**, **B cells**, and **monocytes** → alters immune system autoregulation, reduces autoreactivity, and induces tolerance to self.

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