Ibafloxacin
Ibafloxacin is a veterinary-specific oral **fluoroquinolone antibiotic** primarily utilized in Europe (not available in the USA). It exhibits **concentration-dependent bactericidal activity** against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., *Enterobacteriaceae*, *Staphylococcus* spp.). > **Clinical Pearl**: Unlike some other fluoroquinolones (such as enrofloxacin or marbofloxacin), ibafloxacin has limited efficacy against *Pseudomonas* spp., *Streptococcus* spp., and *Proteus mirabilis*. Notably, there is currently **no indication that ibafloxacin causes ocular/retinal toxicity in cats**, which is a significant advantage over certain other drugs in this class.
กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Fluoroquinolones exert their bactericidal effect by targeting essential bacterial enzymes involved in DNA replication and transcription. * **Primary Target**: Inhibits **bacterial DNA-gyrase** (topoisomerase II) → prevents DNA supercoiling → halts DNA synthesis. * **Secondary Target**: Inhibits **topoisomerase IV** → interferes with the separation of interlinked replicated DNA molecules. Ibafloxacin is metabolized into two active metabolites (8-hydroxy-ibafloxacin and 7-hydroxy-ibafloxacin), which contribute to its overall antimicrobial efficacy.
ขนาดยาตามชนิดสัตว์
- Susceptible infections (dermal infections: soft tissue infections-wounds, abscesses; upper respiratory tract infections) · 15 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · Usually a 10-day course is sufficient. · Give at time of feeding. Reconsider treatment if no improvement after 5 days.
- Susceptible infections (dermal infections: superficial and deep pyoderma, wounds, abscesses) · 15 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · Usually a 10-day course is sufficient. In cases of deep pyoderma, reconsider treatment if sufficient improvement not seen in 21 days. · Give at time of feeding. Reconsider treatment if no improvement after 5 days.
ขนาดยาเป็นข้อมูลอ้างอิงทางคลินิกสำหรับสัตวแพทย์ผู้มีใบอนุญาต โปรดตรวจสอบกับฉลากล่าสุดและผู้ป่วยแต่ละรายเสมอ
วิธีการให้ยา
ข้อห้ามใช้
- Dogs less than 8 months of age
- Giant breed dogs less than 18 months of age
- Cats less than 8 months of age
- Known quinolone hypersensitivity
อาการไม่พึงประสงค์
- Diarrhea
- Soft feces
- Vomiting
- Dullness
- Anorexia
- Salivation
- Elevated hepatic enzymes (rare, class effect)
- Ataxia (rare, class effect)
- Seizures (rare, class effect)
- Depression/Lethargy (rare, class effect)
- Nervousness (rare, class effect)
อันตรกิริยาระหว่างยา
- NSAIDs · Should not be used with NSAIDs in dogs with a history of seizures due to increased risk of CNS stimulation.
- Antacids or Supplements (iron, zinc, magnesium, aluminum, calcium) · Cations may bind to ibafloxacin and prevent its gastrointestinal absorption.
- Cyclosporine · Fluoroquinolones may exacerbate the nephrotoxicity of systemic cyclosporine.
- Nitrofurantoin · May antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use is not recommended.
- Quinidine · Increased risk for cardiotoxicity.
- Sucralfate · May inhibit absorption of ibafloxacin; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
- Theophylline · Ibafloxacin may increase theophylline blood levels.
การติดตาม
- Clinical efficacy
- Adverse GI effects (vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhea, anorexia)
การได้รับยาเกินขนาด
Specific information is limited. It is unlikely an acute overdose would result in signs more serious than anorexia or vomiting. * **Dogs**: Doses of 75 mg/kg/day (5X) were apparently well tolerated. * **Cats**: Doses up to 75 mg/kg/day demonstrated salivation and vomiting. If overdose occurs in cats, ophthalmic monitoring is recommended as a precaution, despite no reported ocular toxicity.
ข้อมูลอ้างอิงยาของ VetSheet มีไว้สำหรับสัตวแพทย์ผู้มีใบอนุญาตเพื่อช่วยในการตัดสินใจทางคลินิก ไม่ใช่สิ่งทดแทนการวินิจฉัยของผู้เชี่ยวชาญหรือฉลากล่าสุดของผู้ผลิต