Interferon Alfa, Human Recombinant

Interferon alfa is a **cytokine** used primarily to alleviate the clinical effects of certain viral diseases and as an immunomodulator. * **In Cats**: It is used via subcutaneous (SC) or oral/buccal administration to treat virus-induced diseases such as Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), and Feline Herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1). * **In Dogs**: It is used as an adjunctive treatment for viral or immunosuppression-related conditions (e.g., papillomas, pododermatitis, digital keratomas) and has been evaluated for certain neoplastic diseases like hemangiosarcoma. > **Clinical Pearl**: Because this is a *human* recombinant protein, cats given parenteral human interferon-alfa may develop significant neutralizing antibodies after 3-7 weeks of treatment, resulting in a loss of efficacy. Feline interferon-omega is often preferred in modern practice when available. Low-dose oral administration is thought to act via local oropharyngeal immunomodulation rather than systemic absorption.

กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Interferon alfa exhibits **antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulating effects**. * **Mechanism**: It binds to specific cell-surface receptors → activates the **JAK-STAT signaling pathway** → induces transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). * **Antiviral Activity**: The ISGs produce proteins (e.g., 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, protein kinase R) that inhibit the synthesis of viral RNA, DNA, and cellular proteins, effectively degrading viral RNA and halting viral replication. * **Immunomodulation**: Enhances macrophage phagocytic activity and augments specific cytotoxicity of lymphocytes for target cells.

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