Meclizine

**Meclizine** is a first-generation piperazine antihistamine widely used in veterinary medicine primarily for its antiemetic and anti-motion sickness properties. * **Clinical Utility**: It is particularly effective for managing peripheral vestibular disease, vertigo, and motion sickness in dogs and cats. * **Additional Properties**: Beyond its antihistamine activity, meclizine possesses mild CNS depressant, antispasmodic, and local anesthetic effects. * **Safety Profile**: Generally well-tolerated, though its anticholinergic properties require cautious use in patients with specific comorbidities like glaucoma or urinary retention.

กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Meclizine acts primarily as an antagonist at central **H1-receptors** and **muscarinic acetylcholine receptors**. * **Vestibular Pathway**: Blocks histaminergic and cholinergic signals originating from the vestibular apparatus → reduces stimulation of the **Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ)** and the vomiting center in the medulla. * **Anticholinergic Activity**: Central muscarinic antagonism contributes significantly to its efficacy against motion sickness and vertigo. * **CNS Depression**: Causes generalized CNS depression, which may aid in its antiemetic and sedative effects.

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